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17262 results in Latin American government, politics and policy

Page 496 of 864

  • The Centralism of ‘Twenty-First-Century Socialism’: Recentralising Politics in Venezuela, Ecuador and Bolivia

  • KENT EATON
  • Journal:
    Journal of Latin American Studies / Volume 45 / Issue 3 / August 2013
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    16 August 2013, pp. 421-450
    Print publication:
    August 2013

  • Presidents Hugo Chávez, Rafael Correa and Evo Morales have all sought to reverse the policies of decentralisation that were adopted in the 1990s in Venezuela, Ecuador and Bolivia. This article adapts ideational and institutional hypotheses from the earlier literature on decentralisation to explain this recent movement in the opposite direction. At the ideational level, because of the close association of decentralisation with liberalisation in each country, recentralisation emerged as a way for presidents to reverse the legacies of their neoliberal predecessors. Beyond ideology, recentralisation can be explained by paying attention to the territorial distribution of electoral support; presidents used it to weaken the sub-national governments where the opposition had found political shelter, while simultaneously redirecting recentralised resources toward supporters.

  • Cutting Off the Dictator: The United States Arms Embargo of the Pinochet Regime, 1974–1988

  • JOHN R. BAWDEN
  • Journal:
    Journal of Latin American Studies / Volume 45 / Issue 3 / August 2013
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    16 August 2013, pp. 513-543
    Print publication:
    August 2013

  • In 1976, the US Congress halted arms sales to Chile. This paper examines the congressional debate over arms sales to Chile and the political and military consequences of the action. Recent scholarship has largely overlooked the embargo and its implications for regional security dynamics in South America. Initially US sanctions increased Chile's diplomatic isolation and military vulnerability, which made regional conflict more likely. However, Chile's ability to surmount the effects of the embargo eventually increased Augusto Pinochet's independence vis-à-vis Washington. When the Reagan administration began pushing for a transition to democracy, it lacked two key instruments for influencing a military government: weapons sales and security assistance.

  • LAS volume 45 issue 3 Cover and Back matter

  • Journal:
    Journal of Latin American Studies / Volume 45 / Issue 3 / August 2013
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    16 August 2013, pp. b1-b2
    Print publication:
    August 2013
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Page 496 of 864