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17242 results in Latin American government, politics and policy

Page 453 of 863

  • Affirmative Action and Access to Higher Education in Brazil: The Significance of Race and Other Social Factors

  • ALVARO ALBERTO FERREIRA MENDES JUNIOR, ALBERTO DE MELLO E SOUZA, FÁBIO DOMINGUES WALTENBERG
  • Journal:
    Journal of Latin American Studies / Volume 48 / Issue 2 / May 2016
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    17 February 2016, pp. 301-334
    Print publication:
    May 2016

  • Using recent data, this study examines the affirmative action programme of the Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), the first Brazilian university to implement admissions quotas. The article analyses admissions records and finds that both the ratio of applications per place and minimum admission scores are considerably lower among quota students; scores in the admissions test are associated principally with socio-economic factors rather than racial ones; preparatory courses for the university's admissions tests do not appear to be a substitute for the quota system in terms of improving access; few quota applicants would be admitted in the absence of the system; and the applicants who displace others come from disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds. The article concludes that it is necessary to improve the quality of basic education in Brazil in order to enable disadvantaged applicants to compete.

  • ¿Educación o desintegración? Parental Migration, Remittances and Left-behind Children's Education in Western Guatemala

  • JASON DAVIS
  • Journal:
    Journal of Latin American Studies / Volume 48 / Issue 3 / August 2016
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    10 February 2016, pp. 565-590
    Print publication:
    August 2016

  • Many Guatemalan parents migrate to the United States with the intention of returning earned income to improve the human capital prospects of their left-behind children. This laudable goal is achieved by many – arguably benefiting girls more than boys. However, negative international migration externalities including migration failure, familial abandonment, psychosocial harms and a culture of migration that disproportionally limits the educational prospects of boys need to be considered. Based on qualitative field interviews in western Guatemala with parents and educators, this article presents a nuanced view of economic migration and left-behind children's education, capturing both its remittance-related benefits and parental absence harms.

Organized Violence after Civil War
  • The Geography of Recruitment in Latin America
  • Sarah Zukerman Daly
  • Published online:
    05 February 2016
    Print publication:
    05 February 2016
  • Nearly half of all countries emerging from civil conflict relapse into war within a few years of signing a peace agreement. The postwar trajectories of armed groups vary from organizational cohesion to dissolution, demilitarization to remilitarization. In Organized Violence after Civil War, Daly analyzes evidence from thirty-seven militia groups in Colombia, demonstrating that the primary driving force behind these changes is the variation in recruitment patterns within, and between, the warring groups. She documents the transition from war to peace through interviews with militia commanders, combatants and victims. Using rich ex-combatant survey data and geo-coded information on violence over fifty years of war, Daly explains the dynamics inside armed organizations and the strategic interactions among them. She also shows how the theory may be used beyond Colombia, both within the region of Latin America and across the rest of the world.

Page 453 of 863