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17212 results in Latin American government, politics and policy

Page 325 of 861

Blacks of the Land
  • Indian Slavery, Settler Society, and the Portuguese Colonial Enterprise in South America
  • Edited and translated by James Woodard, Barbara Weinstein
  • John M. Monteiro
  • Published online:
    31 October 2018
    Print publication:
    25 October 2018
  • Originally published in Portuguese in 1994 as Negros da Terra, this field-defining work by the late historian John M. Monteiro has been translated into English by Professors Barbara Weinstein and James Woodard. Monteiro's work established ethnohistory as a field in colonial Brazilian studies and made indigenous history a vital part of how scholars understand Brazil's colonial past. Drawing on over two dozen collections on both sides of the Atlantic, Monteiro rescued Indians from invisibility, documenting their role as both objects and actors in Brazil's colonial past and, most importantly, providing the first history of Indian slavery in Brazil. Monteiro demonstrates how Indian enslavement, not exploration or the search for mineral wealth, was the driving force behind expansion out of São Paulo and through the South American backcountry. This book makes a groundbreaking contribution not only to Latin American history, but to the history of indigenous slavery in the Americas generally.

  • Integrating Science, Technology and Health Policies in Brazil: Incremental Change and Public Health Professionals as Agents of Reform

  • Elize Massard da Fonseca, Kenneth Shadlen, Francisco Inácio Bastos
  • Journal:
    Journal of Latin American Studies / Volume 51 / Issue 2 / May 2019
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    31 October 2018, pp. 357-377
    Print publication:
    May 2019

  • Brazil has encouraged an ambitious set of policies towards the pharmaceutical industry, aiming to foster technological development while meeting health requirements. We characterise these efforts, labelled the ‘Complexo Industrial da Saúde’ (Health-Industry Complex, CIS), as an outcome of incremental policy change backed by the sustained efforts of public health professionals within the federal bureaucracy. As experts with a particular vision of the relationship between health, innovation and industry came to dominate key institutions, they increasingly shaped government responses to emerging challenges. Step by step, these professionals first made science and technology essential aspects of Brazil's health policy, and then merged the Ministry of Health's new focus on science, technology and health with industrial policy measures aimed at private firms. We contrast our depiction of these policy changes with a conventional view that relies on a partisan orientation of the executive.

  • The Tools of Institutional Change under Post-Neoliberalism: Rafael Correa's Ecuador

  • Francisco Sánchez, John Polga-Hecimovich
  • Journal:
    Journal of Latin American Studies / Volume 51 / Issue 2 / May 2019
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    30 October 2018, pp. 379-408
    Print publication:
    May 2019

  • How have governments in Latin America been able to counteract two decades of neoliberalism and pursue post-neoliberal developmental reforms, and what tools have they used to do so? We argue that post-neoliberal projects are possible through the use of three necessary conditions in a context of economic bonanza: (1) extensive use of the legal-constitutional framework to facilitate interventionism; (2) an increase in the centrality of public planning agencies to design those policies; and (3) growth of the bureaucracy to implement the policies. Through a case study of Rafael Correa's Ecuador, we show how a constituent assembly, empowerment of the state planning agency, and an increase in the size of the public administration allowed the president to combat neoliberalism and pursue his ambitious Buen Vivir (Good Living) plan. This simple framework offers important clues for understanding post-liberalism and the return of the state in Ecuador and beyond.

  • 1 - The Transformation of Indigenous São Paulo in the Sixteenth Century

  • from Blacks of the Land
  • Edited and translated by James Woodard, Montclair State University, New Jersey, Barbara Weinstein, New York University
  • John M. Monteiro
  • Book:
    Blacks of the Land
    Published online:
    31 October 2018
    Print publication:
    25 October 2018, pp 7-47
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Page 325 of 861