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17267 results in Latin American government, politics and policy

Page 288 of 864

  • The Impact of Neopatrimonialism on Poverty in Contemporary Latin America

  • Agustina Giraudy, Jonathan Hartlyn, Claire Dunn, Emily Carty
  • Journal:
    Latin American Politics and Society / Volume 62 / Issue 1 / February 2020
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    09 January 2020, pp. 73-96

  • Neopatrimonial exercise of power, combining ruler appropriation of resources with ruler discretionality in the use of state power, remains present to varying degrees in contemporary Latin America. Building on an extensive literature, this article provides a delimited conceptualization and measurement of neopatrimonialism for 18 countries in the region and examines the effects of neopatrimonial legacies on poverty with cross-national quantitative analysis. The study finds that higher levels of neopatrimonialism have a significant, substantive impact on poverty levels, controlling for other relevant demographic, socioeconomic, and political factors. It confirms the importance of a cumulative record of democracy for poverty alleviation, while the analysis indicates that neopatrimonialism limits the effects of the political left in power on poverty reduction.

  • How Valuable Is a Presidential Cabinet? Measuring Ministries’ Political Attractiveness in Brazil

  • Arnaldo Mauerberg, Junior, Carlos Pereira
  • Journal:
    Latin American Politics and Society / Volume 62 / Issue 1 / February 2020
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    09 January 2020, pp. 25-45

  • How valuable is a cabinet position? While the current literature does not ignore the reality that ministries differ from one another, it does not offer either theoretical or methodological procedures to assess such differences. This article introduces a refined measure of coalescence degree that considers several characteristics ministries may have, as well as politicians’ preferences about cabinet appointments. We estimate the effect of this alternative measure of coalescence on the president’s legislative success using large Brazilian datasets from 1995 to 2014 and an elite survey conducted with 62 Brazilian legislators. Controlling for other coalition management variables (coalition size and ideological heterogeneity), our refined coalescence metric turns out to be a more appropriate tool to assess the president’s performance in Congress.

  • LAP volume 62 issue 1 Cover and Front matter

  • Journal:
    Latin American Politics and Society / Volume 62 / Issue 1 / February 2020
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    09 January 2020, pp. f1-f4
    • Article
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  • Political, Social, and Cultural Capital in the Chilean Political Elite, 1990–2010

  • Luis Garrido-Vergara
  • Journal:
    Latin American Politics and Society / Volume 62 / Issue 1 / February 2020
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    09 January 2020, pp. 121-141

  • Although sociological research has examined the reproduction of Chile’s elites, there is little empirical evidence of how different forms of capital operate among them. Using datasets for members of the Chilean political elite from 1990 to 2010, this country note examines and measures the effect of political, social, and cultural capital on the access of certain individuals to strategic positions in the political field, comparing the legislative and executive branches as represented by deputies and ministers. The empirical analysis includes logit models.

  • LAP volume 62 issue 1 Cover and Back matter

  • Journal:
    Latin American Politics and Society / Volume 62 / Issue 1 / February 2020
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    09 January 2020, pp. b1-b5
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  • 5 - Improving Health: Saving Lives

  • Brian Wampler, Boise State University, Idaho, Natasha Borges Sugiyama, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Michael Touchton, University of Miami
  • Book:
    Democracy at Work
    Published online:
    28 September 2019
    Print publication:
    28 November 2019, pp 132-165

  • Summary

    Access to health care is at the core of efforts to improve well-being. At the most fundamental level, infants must survive birth and children need to live beyond their first five years of life in order to benefit from human development programs, such as public schooling. To live a dignified life, people must also be able to maintain their health by avoiding deadly diseases and receiving life-saving treatment. In many countries around the world, childbirth is a risky endeavor for women. Therefore, women must also be able to survive the birth of their children. All to say that individuals need to lead healthy lives if they are to eventually develop capabilities that allow them to more productively engage the market, politics, and civil society (Sen 1999; McGuire 2010; Nussbaum 2011). Over several decades, the international development community has increasingly linked health to issues of human development and economic development.

  • 8 - Pathways at Work: Lessons from Brazil’s Poor Northeast

  • Brian Wampler, Boise State University, Idaho, Natasha Borges Sugiyama, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Michael Touchton, University of Miami
  • Book:
    Democracy at Work
    Published online:
    28 September 2019
    Print publication:
    28 November 2019, pp 228-275

  • Summary

    Brazil is known for its vast internal diversity. Whether we consider its historical patterns of colonization, industrial development, internal migration, or ecological diversity, Brazil offers amazing contrasts. During the 1990s and 2000s some Brazilian municipalities were the sites of an amazing array of reforms: universal health programs, participatory budgeting programs, public policy councils, and conditional cash transfer programs flourished across Brazil. Multiple Brazilian municipalities were internationally recognized for creating innovative policy and institutional solutions to address a wide range of social and political problems, such as extreme poverty, low rates of vaccination, and a disengaged citizenry (United Nations 1996). However, patronage, clientelism, administrative malfeasance, corruption, and poor provision of public goods continue to plague many citizens and municipalities and limit efforts to improve well-being. In this chapter, we narrow the analytical lens to three municipalities to examine how participatory institutions, inclusive social policy, and local state capacity work on the ground to advance well-being.

Page 288 of 864