Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
  1. Home
  2. Browse subjects
  3. Politics and International Relations
  4. International relations and international organisations
  5. Content listing

Refine search

Refine search

Access:
Content type:
Publication date:
Apply   From and To filters
Subject: Show more
Journals Show more
Publishers: Show more
Societies Show more
Series: Show more
Collections: Show more

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
Cancel
×

51856 results in International relations and international organisations

Page 567 of 2593

  • 5 - Justifying the Use of Force in the ‘Centre’

  • from Part II - The Use of Force in Nineteenth-Century Practice
  • Agatha Verdebout
  • Book:
    Rewriting Histories of the Use of Force
    Published online:
    10 September 2021
    Print publication:
    23 September 2021, pp 117-149

  • Summary

    This chapter is the first of three which attempts to question the assertion according to which the justifications brought forth by States when they resort to force were political and moral and had not legal content or reverberations. It focuses on instance of intervention in the 'centre', i.e., between so-called civilized nations. Five precedents are more particularly analysed in this Chapter: the Austrian intervention in Naples (1821), the Crimean War (1853–1856), the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871), the Spanish-American War (1898), and the Austrian ultimatum to Serbia (July 1914). It shows how, in each of these instances, States took care to develop legal arguments to explain and justify their actions, sometimes even engaging in thorough debates about the legality of their respective behaviours.

  • The Effects of Naming and Shaming on Public Support for Compliance with International Agreements: An Experimental Analysis of the Paris Agreement

  • Dustin Tingley, Michael Tomz
  • Journal:
    International Organization / Volume 76 / Issue 2 / Spring 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    21 September 2021, pp. 445-468
    Print publication:
    Spring 2022

  • How does naming and shaming affect public support for compliance with international agreements? We investigated this question by conducting survey experiments about the Paris Agreement, which relies on social pressure for enforcement. Our experiments, administered to national samples in the United States, produced three sets of findings. First, shaming by foreign countries shifted domestic public opinion in favor of compliance, increasing the political incentive to honor the Paris Agreement. Second, the effects of shaming varied with the behavior of the target. Shaming was more effective against partial compliers than against targets that took no action or honored their obligations completely. Moreover, even partial compliers managed to reduce the effects of shaming through the strategic use of counter-rhetoric. Third, identity moderated responses to shaming. Shaming by allies was not significantly more effective than shaming by non-allies, but Democrats were more receptive to shaming than Republicans. Overall, our experiments expose both the power and the limits of shaming as a strategy for enforcing the Paris Agreement. At the same time, they advance our understanding of the most significant environmental problem facing the planet.

Saving the International Justice Regime
  • Beyond Backlash against International Courts
  • Courtney Hillebrecht
  • Published online:
    18 September 2021
    Print publication:
    30 September 2021
  • While resistance to international courts is not new, what is new, or at least newly conceptualized, is the politics of backlash against these institutions. Saving the International Justice Regime: Beyond Backlash against International Courts is at the forefront of this new conceptualization of backlash politics. It brings together theories, concepts and methods from the fields of international law, international relations, human rights and political science and case studies from around the globe to pose - and answer - three questions related to backlash against international courts: What is backlash and what forms does it take? Why do states and elites engage in backlash against international human rights and criminal courts? What can stakeholders and supporters of international justice do to meet these contemporary challenges?

Militant Competition
  • How Terrorists and Insurgents Advertise with Violence and How They Can Be Stopped
  • Justin Conrad, William Spaniel
  • Published online:
    17 September 2021
    Print publication:
    30 September 2021
  • Militant groups often use violence, perversely, to gain attention and resources. In this book, the authors analyze how terrorist and rebel organizations compete with one another to secure funding and supporters. The authors develop a strategic model of competitive violence among militant groups and test the model's implications with statistical analysis and case studies. A series of model extensions allow the authors to incorporate the full range of strategic actors, focusing in particular on government efforts to counter and deter violence. The results indicate that the direct effects of competition are not as clear as they may seem, and interventions to alter competitive incentives may backfire if states are not careful. This is a timely contribution to a growing body of political economy research on militant group fragmentation, rivalry, fratricide and demonstrative violence.

  • Measuring satisfaction with democracy: how good are different scales across countries and languages?

  • Carlos Poses, Melanie Revilla
  • Journal:
    European Political Science Review / Volume 14 / Issue 1 / February 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    13 September 2021, pp. 18-35
    • Article
      • You have access
      • Open access
    • PDF
    • HTML
    • Export citation

  • The Satisfaction With Democracy (SWD) indicator is very often used in social sciences’ research. However, while there is debate about which concept it measures, the discussion about the size of its measurement errors (how well it measures the underlying concept ‘satisfaction with the way democracy works’) is scarce. Nonetheless, measurement errors can affect the results and threaten comparisons across studies, countries and languages. Thus, in this paper, we estimated the measurement quality (complement of measurement errors) of the SWD indicator for 7 response scales across 38 country-language groups, using three multitrait-multimethod experiments from the European Social Survey. Results show that measurement errors explain from 16% (11-point scale) to 54% (4-point scale) of the variance in the observed responses. Additionally, we provide insights to improve questionnaire design and evaluate the indicator’s comparability across scales, countries and languages.

Rewriting Histories of the Use of Force
  • The Narrative of ‘Indifference'
  • Agatha Verdebout
  • Published online:
    10 September 2021
    Print publication:
    23 September 2021
  • It is commonly taught that the prohibition of the use of force is an achievement of the twentieth century and that beforehand States were free to resort to the arms as they pleased. International law, the story goes, was 'indifferent' to the use of force. 'Reality' as it stems from historical sources, however, appears much more complex. Using tools of history, sociology, anthropology and social psychology, this monograph offers new insights into the history of the prohibition of the use of force in international law. Conducting in-depth analysis of nineteenth century doctrine and State practice, it paves the way for an alternative narrative on the prohibition of force, and seeks to understand the origins of international law's traditional account. In so doing, it also provides a more general reflection on how the discipline writes, rewrites and chooses to remember its own history.

Ecological Security
  • Climate Change and the Construction of Security
  • Matt McDonald
  • Published online:
    10 September 2021
    Print publication:
    23 September 2021
  • Climate change is increasingly recognised as a security issue. Yet this recognition belies contestation over what security means and whose security is viewed as threatened. Different accounts – here defined as discourses – of security range from those focused on national sovereignty to those emphasising the vulnerability of human populations. This book examines the ethical assumptions and implications of these 'climate security' discourses, ultimately making a case for moving beyond the protection of human institutions and collectives. Drawing on insights from political ecology, feminism and critical theory, Matt McDonald suggests the need to focus on the resilience of ecosystems themselves when approaching the climate-security relationship, orienting towards the most vulnerable across time, space and species. The book outlines the ethical assumptions and contours of ecological security before exploring how it might find purchase in contemporary political contexts. A shift in this direction could not be more urgent, given the current climate crisis.

Democracies and International Law
  • Tom Ginsburg
  • Published online:
    09 September 2021
    Print publication:
    30 September 2021
  • Democracies and authoritarian regimes have different approaches to international law, grounded in their different forms of government. As the balance of power between democracies and non-democracies shifts, it will have consequences for international legal order. Human rights may face severe challenges in years ahead, but citizens of democratic countries may still benefit from international legal cooperation in other areas. Ranging across several continents, this volume surveys the state of democracy-enhancing international law, and provides ideas for a way forward in the face of rising authoritarianism.

  • Article 104 - Notification of Judicial Proceedings

  • from III - Judicial Proceedings
  • Compiled by International Committee of the Red Cross
  • Book:
    Commentary on the Third Geneva Convention
    Published online:
    21 August 2021
    Print publication:
    09 September 2021, pp 1480-1489

  • Summary

    Article 104 describes a specific procedural step the DetainingPower is required to take before it may commence with the trial ofany prisoner of war. Under its terms, the Detaining Power mustsubmit a detailed notification of proceedings to the ProtectingPower, containing the particulars of the accused prisoner of war,information concerning the place of their internment or confinement,the charges against them, and the time and place set for the trial.The prisoners’ representative and the accused prisoner of war mustbe similarly notified. If these three entities do not receive thenotification at least three weeks before the opening of the trial,the trial cannot take place and must be adjourned. Article 104 istherefore a very important procedural guarantee for accusedprisoners of war.

Page 567 of 2593