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13084 results in East Asian government, politics and policy

Page 24 of 655

  • 11 - Inequality, Jobs, and Welfare

  • Jaymin Lee, Yonsei University, Seoul
  • Book:
    The Tortuous Path of South Korean Economic Development
    Published online:
    07 December 2023
    Print publication:
    21 December 2023, pp 357-399

  • Summary

    Inequality of market income rose after the 1997 crisis and then leveled off while the government redistribution increased over the years; however, the transfer to the rich through the real estate market increased immediately before the crisis. The inequality of market income rose after the crisis as the massive layoff of workers and the slowdown of growth led to job shortages and as labor market dualism deepened between large enterprises’ and small and medium-sized enterprises’ workers and regular and non-regular workers. Inequality also widened as the labor share of income fell, though the rising share of capital income was retained within firms rather than distributed to households. Unions have often failed to represent the interests of the whole working class. Welfare expenditure has risen substantially to narrow the inequality of disposable income; however, the welfare system has problems of coverage and sustainability, which are aggravated by the population's aging.

  • 9 - Carbon Capture and Storage

  • from Part IV - Adopting Carbon Removal Mechanisms
  • Hao Zhang, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
  • Book:
    In Pursuit of Carbon Neutrality
    Published online:
    07 December 2023
    Print publication:
    21 December 2023, pp 165-184

  • Summary

    Chapter Nine analyses the regulations related to carbon capture and storage (CCS) in China, given its indispensable role in achieving the carbon neutrality target. It starts by elaborating on the essential components of CCS regulation, particularly risk allocation, to provide an analytical framework against which the Chinese regulatory framework for CCS is assessed. This chapter examines the current design of the legal and regulatory systems, identifies the regulatory gaps and uncertainties that hinder the implementation of CCS, and discusses the measures needed to address these gaps and uncertainties. It also explores the legal and regulatory implications of using CO2 as a resource, which has the potential to enhance the commercial viability of CCS and promote the development of the CO2 industry.

China's Hong Kong
  • The Politics of a Global City
  • 2nd edition
  • Tim Summers
  • Published by:
    Agenda Publishing
    Published online:
    20 December 2023
    Print publication:
    19 November 2020
  • In 1997, Hong Kong became a special administrative region of China under the 'one country, two systems' framework. In this new edition, Tim Summers brings his analysis of the politics of Hong Kong fully up to date and discusses the ramifications for the city of the mass demonstrations of 2019-20 and the city's intensifying confrontational politics that have culminated in China's new national security law for Hong Kong.

    In the process, Hong Kong has lost the sweet spot it occupied for four decades in a world of intensifying economic globalization and decent US-China relations, all the more so after Covid-19. Instead it finds itself at the frontline of US-China strategic rivalry. Summers explores how the city's future will be shaped by the interaction of these global tensions with Hong Kong's polarized local politics and its relationship with Beijing.
Politics of the North Korean Diaspora

Politics of the North Korean Diaspora
  • Sheena Chestnut Greitens
  • Published online:
    17 December 2023
    Print publication:
    18 January 2024
  • Politics of the North Korean Diaspora examines how authoritarian security concerns shape global diaspora politics. Empirically, it traces the recent emergence of a North Korean diaspora – a globally-dispersed population of North Korean émigrés – and argues that the non-democratic nature of the DPRK homeland regime fundamentally shapes diasporic politics. Pyongyang perceives the diaspora as a threat to regime security, and attempts to dissuade emigration, de-legitimate diasporic voices, and deter or disrupt diasporic political activity, including through extraterritorial violence and transnational repression. This, in turn, shapes the North Korean diaspora's perceptions of citizenship and patterns of diasporic political engagement: North Korean émigrés have internalized many host country norms, particularly the civil and participatory dimensions of democratic citizenship, and émigrés have played important roles in both host-country and global politics. This Element provides new empirical evidence on the North Korean diaspora; demonstrates that regime type is an important, understudied factor shaping transnational and diasporic politics; and contributes to our understanding of comparative authoritarianism's global impact.
Chinese Global Infrastructure

Chinese Global Infrastructure
  • Austin Strange
  • Published online:
    14 December 2023
    Print publication:
    21 December 2023
    • Element
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      • Open access
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  • Infrastructure is at the heart of China's presence in global development and is also central to larger debates about Chinese influence. This Element provides a comprehensive account of major Chinese government-financed infrastructure projects in the Global South since 1949. Using new datasets, it demonstrates that Chinese global infrastructure is distinct in terms of its historical tenacity and massive contemporary scope. But this does not imply that contemporary Chinese global infrastructure or the Belt and Road Initiative should be studied in a vacuum. Historical and comparative perspectives show that contemporary projects often emerge based on similar political logics to those that shaped infrastructure investment in earlier periods of Chinese history and other international contexts. The Element then examines how infrastructure projects have created both purposeful and unintended sources of influence by serving as valuable but risky political capital for host country governments as well as the Chinese government. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

  • Dethroning the Mao-era Elite, Clearing the Way for Reform

  • Hao Chen, Saul Wilson, Changxin Patrick Xu, Cheng Cheng, Yuhua Wang
  • Journal:
    The China Quarterly / Volume 258 / June 2024
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    14 December 2023, pp. 346-366
    Print publication:
    June 2024
    • Article
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      • Open access
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  • The reform era began with the removal of Mao-era elites from leadership positions on a scale theretofore unseen in the People's Republic of China. Rather than depending on incentives to mobilize Mao-era cadres to support Reform and Opening, the new reform leadership brought in younger, better educated pro-reform elites. This article thus proposes a Personnel Model, in which the Communist Party brings in sympathetic cadres to implement major shifts in the Party line. Furthermore, personnel changes were first imposed on the military, then on the civilian apparatus. We show the large scale and rapid implementation of these reforms in 1982–1984 using an original database of over 60,000 cadres drawn from Organizational Histories.

The Tortuous Path of South Korean Economic Development
  • Jaymin Lee
  • Published online:
    07 December 2023
    Print publication:
    21 December 2023
  • This book explains how South Korea has uniquely transformed itself from a developing to a developed country by combining economic analysis with historical perspective, an approach badly needed but rarely taken by previous studies. The book shows that the country has done so through a tortuous process. It first explains how Korea failed earlier in history to emerge as a developing rather than a developed country after the Second World War but South Korea began to grow rapidly in the 1960s. It then explains that the country has sustained growth while undergoing recurring crises, examining three conditions for sustaining growth: macroeconomic management, structural transformation, and social conflict management. While doing so, the book interprets some important subjects differently from the previous studies; it also explains some other important subjects they have not covered sufficiently. The book finally discusses questions for the future briefly.

In Pursuit of Carbon Neutrality
  • Energy Law and Regulation in China
  • Hao Zhang
  • Published online:
    07 December 2023
    Print publication:
    21 December 2023
  • China's goal of carbon neutrality by 2060 requires a significant transformation of energy systems and the economy, raising critical questions about the domestic energy legal and regulatory systems. This book critically analyses the development and implementation of energy laws and regulations related to crucial strategies and pathways towards carbon neutrality, namely decarbonising power supply, enabling fuel switching, electrifying end-use in transport and industry, and adopting carbon removal mechanisms. It offers rich legal details and insights into regulatory processes and arrangements that underpin energy market reform and liberalisation, while also examining the role of law and regulatory measures in promoting technological advancements and supply chains for decarbonisation, with a focus on renewable energy, energy efficiency and storage, electric vehicles, critical transition minerals and carbon removal mechanisms.

  • CQY volume 256 Cover and Back matter

  • Journal:
    The China Quarterly / Volume 256 / December 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    14 December 2023, pp. b1-b2
    Print publication:
    December 2023
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  • Internal Migration Policies in China: Patterns and Determinants of the Household Registration Reform Policy Design in 2014

  • Julia Shu-Huah Wang, Yiwen Zhu, Chenhong Peng, Jing You
  • Journal:
    The China Quarterly / Volume 258 / June 2024
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    01 December 2023, pp. 457-478
    Print publication:
    June 2024
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  • This study exploits rich data sources to investigate city-level patterns of internal migration policies in response to the reform of Chinese household registration and the economic, political and sociocultural determinants that drive policy approaches. First, we collected and systematically coded policy documents from 231 cities. Cluster analyses showed that the majority of cities (63%) adopted less lenient selection policies while offering integrative social welfare policies. Rights to internal migration remain selectively granted in China, yet rights to welfare have become more equitable than they were in the past because of the reform. Second, multinomial regression analyses showed that economic development and growth are related to selection policies that are more lenient towards high-skilled migrants, whereas top-down controls of superior governments, local politicians’ characteristics (e.g. tenure concerns and hometown favouritism) and migrants’ sociocultural environments (e.g. pre-existing labour disputes) account for both selection and integration policies.

Page 24 of 655