There is tension between manipulation of national identity construction and agency in the literature on ingroup identification, especially in authoritarian contexts. In China, the past is very relevant with regards to legitimacy of the Communist Party. Yet, we cannot just assume that what the state propagates is what can also be found at the bottom-up level. This article analyses social representations of history in China combining the top-down perspective of state education policies and curated historical narratives to the bottom-up perspective formed through analyzing two student surveys, collected first in 2007 and again in 2011-2012, and 11 interviews. Earlier research indicates that in most countries representations of history concentrate on negative issues and their time span is short. Chinese representations of history are divided into narratives of glory and humiliation, and respondents have a much longer perspective to national history than typical participants in international surveys. Finally, although problematic periods such as the Cultural Revolution get less coverage in political speeches and school textbooks, they are not forgotten among students. Furthermore, the view that people should have their own ideas about history and China rather than having to adopt the government promoted narrative was visible in multiple student interviews.

Jacob Lorenz (1883–1946) was a pathbreaking Swiss statistician and sociologist turned right-wing intellectual who promoted a revision of Swiss society and politics. In 1938, the Turkish government invited Lorenz to conduct fieldwork and submit a report on the country's high cost of living. Recent studies of transnational corporatism might lead us to assume that this invitation was the result of a shared corporatist ideology. Using Lorenz's report and travel writings alongside archival documents, however, this article argues against the hypothesis that Lorenz's mission served as a conduit of transnational corporatist interaction and influence. Instead, Lorenz's mission is best understood in its Turkish domestic political context, while its findings were shaped by Lorenz's personal ideological ambivalence. By highlighting the ideological tensions inherent in Lorenz's mission, this article contributes to the growing scholarship on ‘illiberal internationalism’.

Three Cannings brothers describe their intertwined but separate careers in Canadian biology: Rob as an entomologist, Syd as an entomologist and conservation biologist, and Dick as an ornithologist and politician. They emphasise the influence on their lives of the British Columbia’s Okanagan Valley where they grew up, the naturalist family in which they were raised, and the mentors who inspired them in their work. Bird study and nature interpretation in BC Parks were early enthusiasms and influences. Biological research, museum work, nature conservation, public education, and writing have dominated their careers. In Dick’s case, his public life has culminated in a decade of Canadian federal politics as a member of Parliament.

This article is modified from the closing plenary address presented at Entomology 2022, the joint annual meeting of the Entomological Society of America, the Entomological Society of Canada, and the Entomological Society of British Columbia, in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 16 November 2022. The presentation also acted as the 2022 Heritage Lecture of the Entomological Society of Canada.

Patient navigation (PN) is increasingly used to help people overcome barriers to accessing health care. In a recent trial, PN was added to motivational interviewing (MI) to help patients discharged from detoxification (detox) transition to follow-up care. The goal was to test whether PN in addition to MI increased transition rates and reduced subsequent readmissions into detox compared with MI alone. Results demonstrated little evidence of a treatment effect on either of these two outcomes, but post hoc exploratory analyses showed that patients who received PN were less likely to be arrested in the year following discharge than patients who did not receive PN. In addition, the group that received PN had fewer multiple arrests resulting in a lower average number of arrests per person. These findings are hypothesis-generating and need replication for conclusive inference. Nevertheless, economic analysis indicates that PN after detox could be a cost-beneficial intervention to reduce arrests among a population at high risk for involvement in the criminal justice system.

Tree-afflicting pests, such as insects and pathogens, could change forests in ways promoting invasions by non-native plants. After tree death associated with the fungal pathogen oak wilt (Bretziella fagacearum (Bretz) Z.W. de Beer, Marincowitz, T.A. Duong & M.J. Wingfield) and its attempted containment (severing root connectivity and sanitation removal of infected trees), we examined change in cover of the non-native liana Oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb.; hereafter Celastrus) at 28 sites in temperate black oak (Quercus velutina Lam.) forests, Ohio, USA. During our five-year study spanning 2020 to 2024, Celastrus cover increased significantly (P < 0.05) through time at oak wilt sites but not in untreated reference forest sites without evidence of oak wilt. Celastrus cover increased by an order of magnitude, up to an average of 32× among oak wilt treatments up to 10 years old. By 2024, Celastrus cover ranged from 6-22% on average in 5-10-year-old oak wilt treatments, compared with 1% cover in reference forest. Results indicate that non-native plant invasion accelerated following disturbance associated with a fungal pathogen and its attempted containment, and more generally, suggest that tree-afflicting pests can promote invasive plants in forests. Co-management of tree-afflicting pests and non-native plants may become increasingly important to ensure forests recovering from tree mortality are dominated by native plants.

Although radiocarbon-accelerator mass spectrometry (14C-AMS) is an important tool for the establishment of soil chronology, its application is challenging due to the complex nature of soil samples. In the present study, chemical extraction methodologies were tested to obtain the most representative age of Amazonian soil deposition by 14C-AMS. We performed acid hydrolysis with different numbers of extractions, as well as treatments combining acid and bases and quartered and non-quartered samples. The ages of the soil organic matter (SOM) fractions were compared to the ages of naturally buried charcoal samples at similar depths. The results showed that the age of the non-hydrolyzable inert fraction of soil was closer to the age of charcoal and older than the ages of humin. It was also observed that the quartering process can influence the results, since the dating of the humin fraction showed variability in the results. Our results are important to provide information about the most suitable method for the 14C-AMS dating of soil samples for paleoenvironment reconstruction studies.

In laboratory testing, a novel hydrogen peroxide gas plasma endoscope sterilizer consistently reduced vegetative organisms, but not bacterial spores, to undetectable levels in the presence of high organism load (≥6.5 log10) and organic material and salts. These findings highlight the importance of meticulous cleaning of endoscopes prior to sterilization.

The linear collisionless plasma response to a zonal-density perturbation in quasisymmetric stellarators is studied, including the geodesic-acoustic-mode oscillations and the Rosenbluth–Hinton residual flow. While the geodesic-acoustic-mode oscillations in quasiaxisymmetric configurations are similar to tokamaks, they become non-existent in quasi-helically symmetric configurations when the effective safety factor in helical-angle coordinates is small. Compared with concentric-circular tokamaks, the Rosenbluth–Hinton residual is also found to be multiplied by a geometric factor $\mathcal {C}$ that arises from the flux-surface-averaged classical polarization. Using the near-axis-expansion framework, we derive an analytic expression for $\mathcal {C}$, which varies significantly among different configurations. These analytic results are compared with numerical simulation results from the global gyrokinetic particle-in-cell code GTC, and good agreement with the theoretical Rosenbluth–Hinton residual level is achieved when the quasisymmetry error is small enough.

Marine clay mineral authigenesis, referred to as reverse (silicate) weathering, is one of the first-order controls on seawater pH through the generation of acidity and thus plays a significant role in controlling carbon cycling between marine sediments, oceans and the atmosphere over geological timescales. Reverse weathering is mainly regulated by the rates of silicate and carbonate weathering on the continents, the reactivity of detritus supplied to the oceans and the rates of seafloor weathering. These processes provide essential dissolved components (e.g. K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Si(OH)4, Al3+, Fe2+/3+) to the marine porewater inventory that cause authigenic clay minerals, such as odinite, glauconite, celadonite and greenalite, to form close to the sediment–seawater interface. Such clay mineral reactions impact the sedimentary cycling versus sequestration of chemical elements, importantly Si, Fe, Mg and K, and consequently contribute to the fluctuations in climate and seawater composition recorded in marine archives over geological time. This review explores the links between reverse silicate weathering and the climate system across geological timescales and provides estimates of the elemental uptake fluxes associated with modern-day clay mineral authigenesis. Novel isotope proxies (e.g. δ41K and δ30Si) and promising new dating techniques (e.g. in situ Rb/Sr geochronology) provide improved constraints on the timing, kinetics and environmental significance of clay mineral reactions on the ocean floor. We also consider recent geoengineering developments linked to reverse weathering reactions, such as ongoing attempts to reduce atmospheric CO2 concentrations via marine alkalinity enhancement and the application of marine clay mineral-based slow-release fertilizers to soils to optimize nutrient availability.

In this study, we describe the performance of 62 newly immigrated children to France at a nonword repetition task (LITMUS-QU-NWR-FR) designed to evaluate bilingual children’s syllable structure. Children were between 6;0 and 9;1 and had diverse language backgrounds. They participated in our study during their first year of exposure to French. The majority of our children exhibited a good performance on the task. The variation observed is related to: (i) the properties of the nonwords: items with complex syllables are more difficult, as are items with three syllables in length; (ii) phonological awareness: children with a more developed L2 phonological awareness perform better at the task; and (iii) receptive vocabulary size: children with a larger L2 vocabulary size perform better at the task. Overall, our findings provide support for the argument that the LITMUS-QU-NWR-FR task can be used shortly after the onset of exposure to the L2.

Due to the implementation of several pension reforms, Italian individuals have to take more complex financial decisions and have more responsibilities on their retirement well-being which also includes the choice of whether to participate in pension funds. Relying on novel survey data, we empirically investigate the effect of pension and financial knowledge on the probability of pension plan participation in Italy. Despite documenting the already well-known trends about disparities in the level of such knowledge, we are able to establish that only pension literacy has a positive and causal effect on the probability to participate in a private pension fund.

The Christian cartoonist E. J. Pace (1880–1946) began his career during the fundamentalist–modernist controversy of the 1920s. Pace often reacted against liberal evangelicalism, or modernism, in his cartoons, and Islam appeared alongside it on several occasions. This article discusses for the first time Pace's Islam-inspired cartoons. It explores the socioreligious contexts of their creation and the theological reasons why Pace used them as a tool with which to attack modernism and its perceived threat to America's souls. Pace may have cartooned Islam to bolster fundamentalist evangelicalism, but his cartoons also create moments of unintended unity that remain culturally relevant today.

In this work, we develop a method for robust single-cycle measurement velocity vector estimation for automotive radar. Building upon our previous work, we introduce a methodology that leverages spatial diversity for accurate estimation of the velocity vector of targets in the medium to close ranges. We extend our initial conceptual framework, addressing limitations from our first approach and proposing necessary enhancements for real-world applicability. Our improved process excels in target separation, identification, and velocity vector estimation, proving effective across various scenarios and minimizing errors. The system, tested on pedestrians and metal targets, presents a promising avenue for exploring its performance with varying target sizes. Simultaneously, our in-depth study on Doppler-multiplex modulation reveals new relevant constraints, prompting a modulation change for improved response separation. Despite the necessity of increasing module numbers for enhanced performance, our structured approach to target itemization and classification positions our methodology as a valuable framework for future systems, offering a comprehensive solution to diverse challenges in target estimation and classification within the automotive landscape.