The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) is a ten-item standardised questionnaire to assess an individual's vulnerability to alcohol use disorders. Three of these ten questions are related to alcohol consumption. Nepal has a distinct alcohol culture, where alcohol use is socially and religiously acceptable in some caste/ethnic groups and is prohibited in others, thereby influencing the scores of AUDIT questions related to all three conceptual domains. Identifying and endorsing subsets of AUDIT questions relevant to different ethnic groups could be the way forward for effective screening of alcohol use disorders in Nepal.

The article explores how the COVID-19 pandemic revived discussions on the importance of local pharmaceutical production for promoting health security and resilient health systems. It examines the World Health Organization's hub and spoke mRNA vaccine production model (mRNA hub), a global initiative that aims to establish sustainable, local mRNA manufacturing capabilities in low- and middle-income countries in response to the inequities in access to COVID-19 vaccines and the trade disruptions during the pandemic. Using the mRNA hub as case study, the paper discusses how the tectonic shift towards local production implicates supply and license agreements, and thus IPRs. The paper maps the intellectual property challenges that might impact the mRNA hub's sustainability and provides recommendations on how to enhance the initiative's chances of success and foster a more equitable pharmaceutical sector in the future.

Studies have demonstrated that the quality and transparency of reporting Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) in healthcare are low. This meta-research aimed to evaluate the adherence of nutrition CPGs for critically ill adults to the reporting RIGHT checklist and its association with the methodological quality assessed by AGREE II, along with other potential publication-related factors. A systematic search for CPGs until December 2024 was conducted. RIGHT and AGREE II were applied. Reporting completeness score was created using the data from the evaluations of whether each broken-down item of the RIGHT. Eleven CPGs were identified, none demonstrated adherence greater than 60% to the RIGHT checklist, and the mean of RIGHT score was 33.5±15.5%. There was a strong correlation between the RIGHT score and AGREE II (r=0.886). A development CPGs team including methodologist and/or statistician was associated with a higher RIGHT score (48.9±4.5 versus 27.2±11.0) and it was higher in CPGs recommended or recommended with modifications by AGREE II in comparison to those not recommended (50.1±4.6 versus 37.7±8.1 versus 17.0±6.8), and in those with acceptable and moderate compared to those with low methodological quality (50.1±4.6 versus 32.2±14.5 versus 19.3±6.2). It was also related to the language of publication, being higher in those published in English. The reporting completeness in CPGs for critically ill adults was low, with a strong correlation with the methodological quality. High values of reporting completeness scores were observed between CPGs recommended by AGREE II (with moderate or acceptable quality) and in those including a methodologist/statistician in the development team.

Cellulitis, a common subcutaneous infection, is influenced by host, pathogen, and environmental factors. Previous studies have shown seasonal patterns in adult cellulitis, suggesting temperature as a risk factor. This study investigated seasonal patterns in paediatric cellulitis in Jerusalem’s semi-arid climate. A single-center retrospective cohort study reviewed medical records of 2,219 hospitalized children under 18 with cellulitis between 1990 and 2020. Demographic, clinical, temperature, and humidity data were collected. Results revealed a significant sinusoidal pattern for limb cellulitis (LC) but for other body sites, with summer peaks and winter nadirs (P < 0.01). August showed the highest incidence, tripling that of February. Age groups 1-6 and 6-12 demonstrated the largest seasonal differences (P = 0.004, P = 0.008). Over three decades, paediatric hospitalized LC cases increased by 71% (P < 0.001), correlating with rising temperatures. Elevated ambient temperature seven days prior to diagnosis was a risk factor for LC development (OR = 1.02, P = 0.03). This study highlights the cyclic seasonal pattern of paediatric LC, peaking in summer. The significant increase in cases over time, coupled with rising temperatures, suggests climate change as a contributing factor. These findings could inform public health strategies for cellulitis prevention and management in children.