In magnetized, stratified environments such as the Sun's corona and solar wind, Alfvénic fluctuations ‘reflect’ from background gradients, enabling nonlinear interactions that allow their energy to dissipate into heat. This process, termed ‘reflection-driven turbulence’, likely plays a key role in coronal heating and solar-wind acceleration, explaining a range of detailed observational correlations and constraints. Building on previous works focused on the inner heliosphere, here we study the basic physics of reflection-driven turbulence using reduced magnetohydrodynamics in an expanding box – the simplest model that can capture local turbulent plasma dynamics in the super-Alfvénic solar wind. Although idealized, our high-resolution simulations and simple theory reveal a rich phenomenology that is consistent with a diverse range of observations. Outwards-propagating fluctuations, which initially have high imbalance (high cross-helicity), decay nonlinearly to heat the plasma, becoming more balanced and magnetically dominated. Despite the high imbalance, the turbulence is strong because Elsässer collisions are suppressed by reflection, leading to ‘anomalous coherence’ between the two Elsässer fields. This coherence, together with linear effects, causes the growth of ‘anastrophy’ (squared magnetic potential) as the turbulence decays, forcing the energy to rush to larger scales and forming a ‘$1/f$-range’ energy spectrum in the process. Eventually, expansion overcomes the nonlinear and Alfvénic physics, forming isolated, magnetically dominated ‘Alfvén vortices’ with minimal nonlinear dissipation. These results can plausibly explain the observed radial and wind-speed dependence of turbulence imbalance (cross-helicity), residual energy, fluctuation amplitudes, plasma heating and fluctuation spectra, as well as making a variety of testable predictions for future observations.

Luce Irigaray offers a critical account of feminist desire in response to Hegelian, Freudian, and Lacanian models of desire based on lack. However, she reproduces anti-Black and colonial logics within her feminist, supposedly liberatory accounts of desire, thereby creating false utopias and limiting possibilities for liberatory struggle. This article brings Irigaray’s This Sex Which Is Not One (1985) into conversation with theorists in critical Black studies. Drawing on Denise Ferreira da Silva’s articulation of Unpayable Debt (2022) and Joy James’ concept of the captive maternal (James 2015; James 2016; James 2021; James 2022), I offer a radical proposal for the abolition of desire. Following revolutionary abolitionisms’ dual method of destruction and creation, I theorize both the destruction of the death-dealing concepts and practices of desire, as well as a sketch of revolutionary love as the inventive dimension of the abolition of desire. The features of revolutionary love that I engage include a valuing of freedom by any means necessary (including sacrifice) and a commitment to social life that honors and defends unpayable debts. Revolutionary love embodies difference without separability, toward the abolition and decolonization of the (colonial, anti-Black, racial capitalist, cisheteropatriarchal) world as we know it, rather than its reformation.

Additional language speakers (ALSs) often experience anxiety due to challenges posed by their nonstandard pronunciation. Building on these insights, this paper introduces an instrument, the Accent Anxiety Scale (AAS), specifically designed to assess three sources of anxiety that are experienced by ALSs, including (a) apprehension about negative evaluations from other individuals due to their distinctive speech style, (b) concerns about rejection from the target language community because of their “foreign” pronunciation, and (c) anxieties over potential communication hurdles attributed to the intelligibility of their pronunciation. We evaluated the psychometric robustness of the AAS by analyzing data from a total of 474 immigrant and international student ALSs at a predominantly English-speaking Canadian university. Study 1 focused on immigrants (N = 203) and employed exploratory factor and correlational analyses to isolate a concise number of internally consistent and valid items for each subscale. Study 2 extended these analyses to international students (N = 153) and employed confirmatory factor and correlation analyses to further validate the AAS in this population. Study 3 examined international students (N = 118) at two time points to establish the AAS’s temporal stability. These studies yielded robust psychometric evidence for the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the AAS. The findings not only support the use of the AAS as a research instrument but also offer implications for pedagogical strategies aimed at alleviating ALSs’ accent anxiety.

In this paper, we provide a systematic review of existing artificial intelligence (AI) regulations in Europe, the United States, and Canada. We build on the qualitative analysis of 129 AI regulations (enacted and not enacted) to identify patterns in regulatory strategies and in AI transparency requirements. Based on the analysis of this sample, we suggest that there are three main regulatory strategies for AI: AI-focused overhauls of existing regulation, the introduction of novel AI regulation, and the omnibus approach. We argue that although these types emerge as distinct strategies, their boundaries are porous as the AI regulation landscape is rapidly evolving. We find that across our sample, AI transparency is effectively treated as a central mechanism for meaningful mitigation of potential AI harms. We therefore focus on AI transparency mandates in our analysis and identify six AI transparency patterns: human in the loop, assessments, audits, disclosures, inventories, and red teaming. We contend that this qualitative analysis of AI regulations and AI transparency patterns provides a much needed bridge between the policy discourse on AI, which is all too often bound up in very detailed legal discussions and applied sociotechnical research on AI fairness, accountability, and transparency.

Pouch-type actuators have recently garnered significant interest and are increasingly utilized in diverse fields, including soft wearable robotics and prosthetics. This is largely due to their lightweight, high output force, and low cost. However, the inherent hysteresis behavior markedly affects the stability and force control of pouch-type driven systems. This study proposes a modified generalized Prandtl–Ishlinskii (MGPI) model, which includes generalized play operators, the tangent envelope function, and one-sided dead-zone operators, to describe the asymmetric and non-convex hysteresis characteristics of pouch-type actuators. Compared to a classical Prandtl–Ishlinskii (PI) model incorporating one-sided dead-zone functions, the MGPI model exhibits smaller relative errors at six different air pressures, demonstrating its capability to accurately describe asymmetric and non-convex hysteresis curves. Subsequently, the MGPI hysteresis model is integrated with displacement sensing technology to establish a load compensation control system for maintaining human posture. Four healthy subjects are recruited to conduct a 1 kg load compensation test, achieving efficiencies of 85.84%, 84.92%, 83.63%, and 68.86%, respectively.