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Knowledge-first epistemology places knowledge at the normative core of epistemological affairs: on this approach, central epistemic phenomena are to be analyzed in terms of knowledge. This Element offers a defence of an integrated, naturalistic knowledge-first account of justified belief, reasons, evidence and defeat, permissible assertion and action, and the epistemic normativity of practical and theoretical reasoning. On this account, the epistemic is an independent normative domain organized around one central etiological epistemic function: generating knowledge. In turn, this epistemic function generates epistemic norms of proper functioning that constitute the epistemic domain, and govern moves in our epistemic practice, such as forming beliefs, asserting, and reasoning. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
This thoroughly updated second edition guides readers through the central concepts and debates in the philosophy of science. Using concrete examples from the history of science, Kent W. Staley addresses questions about what science is, why it is important, and the basis for trust in scientific results. The first part of the book introduces the central concepts of philosophy of science, with updated discussions of the problem of induction, underdetermination, rationality, scientific progress, and important movements such as falsificationism, logical empiricism, and postpositivism, together with a new chapter on social constructionism. The second part offers updated chapters on probability, scientific realism, explanation, and values in science, along with new discussions of the role of models in science, science in policy-making, and feminist philosophy of science. This broad yet detailed overview will give readers a strong grounding in philosophy of science whilst also providing opportunities for further exploration.
For student and professional alike this book provides an all-encompassing overview of the modern theory of global ship strength. Novices will find clear descriptions of the well-established methods, both mathematical and numerical, used worldwide currently. Researchers will find detailed descriptions of the ideas underlying the theoretical basis of modern techniques whereas professionals will benefit from the fundamentals of research results that have found application in recent rules and design practice. Covering both state-of-practice and state-of-the-art of the subject in a modern and up-to-date manner, readers will gain a deeper understanding. This book includes many examples of the application of the theory to problems providing the foundation to developing software. One chapter is dedicated to tracing the development of ship structural design from prehistory to today, allowing the reader to comprehend how design and construction practice has evolved and the pivotal turning points in a long and diverse pattern of development.
The ecosystem of digital assets continues to change exponentially. In post-COVID times, digital assets may be seen as a cheaper, more liquid, and transparent safe haven compared to that offered by more traditional asset types. Inclusion of new digital assets, especially cryptocurrencies, in portfolios of standard financial assets has been the subject of some academic study, but the theoretical and practical implications of this new trend are not yet fully understood. Digital Assets is the first book to present a comprehensive review of studies on the valuation and pricing of cryptocurrencies and digital assets. Outlining a new research agenda aimed at understanding the fundamental drivers of the value of cryptocurrencies, it brings together an impressive line-up of academics and practitioners to provide a timely perspective on government responses and regulatory approaches towards digital assets, including the setting of new legal frameworks.
From the early days of navigating the world with bare hands to harnessing tools that transformed stones and sticks, human ingenuity has birthed science and technology. As societies expanded, the complexity of our tools grew, raising a crucial question: do we control them, or do they dictate our fate? The trajectory of science and technology isn't predetermined; debates and choices shape it. It's our responsibility to navigate wisely, ensuring technology betters, not worsens, our world. This book explores the complex nature of this relationship, with 18 chapters posing and discussing a compelling 'big question.' Topics discussed include technology's influence on child development, big data, algorithms, democracy, happiness, the interplay of sex, gender, and science in its development, international development efforts, robot consciousness, and the future of human labour in an automated world. Think critically. Take a stand. With societal acceleration mirroring technological pace, the challenge is: can we keep up?
Kierkegaard's lifelong fascination with the figure of Socrates has many aspects, but prominent among them is his admiration for the way Socrates was devoted to his divinely ordained mission as a philosopher. To have such a destiny, revealed through what one loves and is passionate about as well as through a feeling of vocation, is a necessary condition of leading a meaningful life, according to Kierkegaard. Examining what Kierkegaard has to say about the meaning of life requires looking at his conception of 'subjective truth,' as well as how he understands the ancient ideal of 'amor fati,' a notion that Nietzsche would subsequently take up, but that Kierkegaard understands in a manner that is distinctly his own, and that he sought to put into practice in his own existence. Our life is a work of art, but we are not the artist.
The concept of doppelgänger, or 'double' – a conceived exact but sometimes invisible replica of a living person – has fascinated and intrigued people for centuries. This notion has a long history and is a widespread belief among cultural groups around the world. Doppelgängers have influenced literature and cinema, with writers such as Fyodor Dostoyevsky and Robert Louis Stevenson, and directors like Alfred Hitchcock exploring the phenomenon to great effect. This book brings together the literary and cinematic with empirical scientific literature to raise fundamental questions about the nature of the self and the human mind. It aims to establish the experience of the self and unravel the brain processes that determine bodily representation and the errors that make possible the experience of the doppelgänger phenomenon. This book will appeal to psychiatrists, neurologists, and neuroscientists, as well as interested general readers.
This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the social and organizational factors shaping K-16 teachers' cultural learning processes, through both a systematic review of the extant literature on K-12 urban teacher thinking and interviews with instructional staff at a high-performing minority-serving institution (MSI). It highlights common challenges K-16 educators face in navigating cultural differences between themselves and their students. Drawing from cultural psychology, organizational behavior, and organizational psychology, the book offers evidence-based strategies for creating school systems where educators working with students from low-income and other minoritized cultural communities can critically examine and challenge their cultural assumptions to create more inclusive and supportive learning environments for all students, as well as develop and implement more culturally responsive classroom management practices.
The scandalous 1866 publication of 'A Night in a Workhouse' altered the course of press history. Victorian journalist James Greenwood's disconcerting exposé of spending a night in a casual ward while disguised as a vagrant launched an enormously popular genre of newspaper writing that would come to be known as undercover reporting. Inspired by the exploits of the 'Amateur Casual', imitators infiltrated restricted areas by adopting disguises of their own as beggars, migrants, homeless people, mental patients, street performers, and single mothers. Undercover traces the seismic consequences that the radical innovation of 'going undercover' had for Victorian media, literature, and culture. This revisionist history of a distinctly British tradition of investigative journalism reconstitutes the pioneering investigations that shaped the global development of undercover reporting, analyses the format's vicarious appeal to audiences anxious about their own precarity, and traces the impact that incognito investigations had on the Victorian era's leading novelists.
In this major re-evaluation of Moshe Dayan's life and career, Eitan Shamir examines one of the most influential individuals in the history of modern Israel. As IDF Chief of Staff, theatre commander during the Sinai campaign and defence minister during the Six Days and Yom Kippur Wars, Dayan shaped Israeli history as well as the principles of Israel's security and foreign affairs. Eitan Shamir explores the basis and justification for Dayan's reputation as a strategist and what made his command and leadership unique. He reveals the ways in which Moshe Dayan led and planned his campaigns, how he made his decisions and his style as a general and a strategist. His findings shed important new light on broader issues of military command and culture, political-military relations, insurgency and counterinsurgency and the relations between small states and large powers, drawing lasting lessons for strategy today.
Cicero is one of the most important historical figures of classical antiquity. He rose from a provincial family to become consul at Rome in 63 BC and continued to play an active role in politics before his murder under the triumvirs Octavian, Mark Antony, and Lepidus. He also engaged in Roman intellectual culture, writing key works on both rhetoric and philosophy. We have a very large body of written evidence by and about him – far more than for any other figure of the Roman Republic – including private correspondence not intended for publication. However, previous biographers – in mapping his political career – have mostly overlooked his other activities. Taking a broader perspective enables a much fuller and richer profile of him to emerge. This epochal new portrait of Rome's great orator offers a more complete picture of the man, his personality, and his works in the overall context of his remarkable life.
Basque is a language of central importance to linguists because it is a 'language isolate,' a rare type of language that is typologically 'alone' and cannot be classified as a part of any language family. Language isolates remain somewhat a mystery, and this book aims to provide an important piece of the puzzle, by both exploring the structure of Basque and shedding new light on its unique place within the languages of the world. It meticulously examines various properties of Basque, including the alignment of intransitive verbs, the introduction of dative arguments, the nature of psych predicates, the causative/inchoative alternation, impersonals, and morphological causatives. By doing so, it presents a comprehensive overview of Basque's intricacies within the realm of argument structure alternations and voice. In its final chapter, it provides an introduction to potential formal analyses of the topics discussed, paving the way for future research in the field. This title is part of the Flip it Open programme and may also be available open access. Check our website Cambridge Core for details.
In normative ethics, a small number of moral theories, such as Kantianism or consequentialism, take centre stage. Conventional wisdom has it that these individual theories posit very different ways of looking at the world. In this book Marius Baumann develops the idea that just as scientific theories can be underdetermined by data, so can moral theories be underdetermined by our considered judgments about particular cases. Baumann goes on to ask whether moral theories from different traditions might arrive at the same verdicts while remaining explanatorily incompatible. He applies this idea to recent projects in normative ethics, such as Derek Parfit's On What Matters and so-called consequentializing and deontologizing, and outlines its important implications for our understanding of the relationship between the main moral traditions as well as the moral realism debate. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Widely popular amongst exam candidates, Dr Podcast is a great way to revise for your Final FRCA. Providing questions and model answers spanning the breadth of the exam syllabus and fully updated in this second edition, this revision aid allows you to experience the format of questions likely to be asked and it provides tips on how to excel in the exam. Supplemented with helpful illustrations to explain answers, you will learn what to expect in the exam and how differently worded questions on the same topic require modified approaches. Each script has an accompanying podcast audio recording, enabling on-the-go revision. Written and updated by successful candidates providing insight and experience of the exam, all the material has been reviewed by experienced consultants with detailed knowledge of the educational standards. If you are preparing for your Final FRCA exam, Dr Podcast Scripts for the Final FRCA is a must!
Stress and accent are central to the study of sound systems in language. This book surveys key work carried out on stress and accent and provides a comprehensive conceptual foundation to the field. It offers an up-to-date set of tools to examine stress and accent from a range of perspectives within metrical stress theory, connecting the acoustic phenomenon to a representation of timing, and to groupings of individual speech sounds. To develop connections, it draws heavily on the results of research into the perception of musical meter and rhythm. It explores the theory by surveying the types of stress and accent patterns found among the world's languages, introducing the tools that the theory provides, and then showing how the tools can be deployed to analyse the patterns. It includes a full glossary and there are lists of further reading materials and discussion points at the end of each chapter.
Focused on empirical methods and their applications to corporate finance, this innovative text equips students with the knowledge to analyse and critically evaluate quantitative research methods in corporate finance, and conduct computer-aided statistical analyses on various types of datasets. Chapters demonstrate the application of basic econometric models in corporate finance (as opposed to derivations or theorems), backed up by relevant research. Alongside practical examples and mini case studies, computer lab exercises enable students to apply the theories of corporate finance and make stronger connections between theory and practice, while developing their programming skills. All of the Stata code is provided (with corresponding Python and R code available online), so students of all programming abilities can focus on understanding and interpreting the analyses.
A study of Wittgenstein on the logic of colour concepts. His remarks on the subject in the Tractatus are considered first, then the remarks he drafted when he returned to philosophy after a decade away fromit, then his treatment of colour concepts during the next two decades followed by the remarks in Remarks on Colour. The emphasis is on the problems he examines and the solutions he proposes. His discussion of colour incompatibility is defended, his examination of colour concepts in the 1930s and 1940s detailed and explained, and the remarks he composed at the end of his life considered with an eye to why they were written and what they add to remarks previously composed. It is argued that his aims are different from those normally attributed to him and, while he achieves a great deal, he does not resolve all the problems he tackles.
This case study examines the implementation of Namibia's first Productivity Task Force focused on the high-value fruit sector from 2021 to 2024. Productivity task forces, modeled after Peru's Mesas Ejecutivas, facilitate public-private dialogues to resolve sector-specific productivity issues. The Namibian Investment Promotion and Development Board, the Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Land Reform, and the Ministry of Finance led the Namibian task force. The study highlights critical stages, including the task force's management and organization, political authorization, and the identification and resolution of productivity problems. While some challenges remain unsolved, the PTF has laid the groundwork for long-term improvements in government capacity, better public-public coordination, public-private collaboration, and a more business-friendly environment. The study offers valuable insights for implementing similar public-private initiatives in other developing countries. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
This book presents a comprehensive and unexpected approach to the visual arts, grounded in the theories of complexity and dynamical systems. Paul van Geert shows how complexity and dynamical systems theories, originally developed in mathematics and physics, offer a novel perspective through which to view the visual arts. Diverse aspects of visual arts as a practice, profession, and historical framework are covered. A key focus lies in the unique characteristics of complex systems: feedback loops bridging short- to long-term temporal scales, self-organizing into creative emergent properties; dynamics which may be applied to a wide range of topics. By synthesizing theory and empirical evidence from diverse fields including philosophy, psychology, sociology, art history, and economics, this pioneering work demonstrates the utility of simulation models in deciphering a surprisingly wide range of phenomena such as artistic (super)stardom and shifts within art historical paradigms.