The Roman Capitol was a place of memory. Several conceptual traits of a Roman lieu de mémoire are identified: an ever-present signposting to other stories, notions of humble origins, portents of a prosperous future, and great men who tie it all together. The concrete places related to these stories are not only visible but, in fact, vital to the story they tell; without them, the symbiotic interlinking between narrative and numinous place evaporates. Discussion of the Roman triumph demonstrates how space is created by ritual. From this emerged an implicit hierarchy of space that lent additional quality to place. The Republic’s greatest imperatores wished to see their fame immortalized on the Capitol. But the Capitol was also somewhat removed from everyday politics, for instance, in the Comitium or in the Forum. Here, aristocrats had to confront the people, directly and in person. In turn, the encounter was critical to the way in which the people awarded public offices in the voting assemblies on the Campus Martius. Between these various locations there developed a distinctive hierarchy of place that was defined by proximity to the present of politics, prestige, and war.

On the Singaporean resort island of Sentosa, two waxworks depict the British surrender to the Japanese in Singapore in 1942, and the Japanese surrender to the Allies in 1945. This essay focuses on the Japanese surrender waxworks, first displayed in 1974. Consideration of what the waxworks represent, how the display came about, and the experience the exhibit offers provides a perhaps unexpected opportunity to examine questions concerning the nature of diplomacy as refracted through post-war Japan-Singapore relations. In both representational and material terms, the waxworks mark a liminal condition. Representing a surrender grants them an ambivalent relation to post-war diplomacy, something crystallised by fraught public debate over their creation in the 1970s as independent Singapore struggled to reconcile its wartime past and commercial present. The chapter then goes on to consider the contemporary experience of the waxworks, which today represent historical curiosities in their own right and present the visitor with a strange and uncanny embodied experience of a moment frozen in time. In light of the events the waxworks depict, and the debates they triggered, the chapter seeks to answer the question of what embodied ‘work’ of history they continue to perform.

With high-speed turbulent combustion applications, we here mean airbreathing engine systems capable of powering aircraft at supersonic and low hypersonic flight speeds between 3 < Ma < 8. Such aircraft are most likely to be designed differently compared to today’s aircraft, being centered around a common engine duct embracing different engine systems activated at different flight speeds. For takeoff and landing, conventional turbojet engines will likely be used, whereas for cruise conditions, a dual-mode ramjet engine, capable of transi-tioning between pure ramjet and scramjet modes is preferred. Such engines do not yet exist, but experimental and computational research is currently generating data and information, paving the way toward further understanding of the aerothermodynamics. This will generate the basis for more advanced experiments that, together with high-fidelity simulations, can lead toward the realization of hypersonic flight vehicles. Here, coarse-grained reacting large eddy simulation and hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes or LES, together with small comprehensive reaction mechanisms, conjugate heat transfer, and thermal radiation modeling, play an important role. In this chapter, the necessary modeling steps and methods, as well as chemical reaction mechanisms, are scrutinized, and results from a few selected cases are presented to illustrate the key physical processes as well as the accuracy of present LES-based prediction methods and the remaining challenges.

Chapter 9 investigates the emergence of political consumption as a protest tactic in the later stage of the movement. We examine how this innovative tactic, encompassing boycotting and buycotting, emerged by utilizing the market logic. We also highlight the significance of political consumption as a movement consequence.

Pediatric movement disorders are a heterogeneous group of disorders with varied etiologies. Although many movement disorders that present in adults can also present in infants and children, there is a subset of conditions that are unique to the pediatric population. One such broad category are the benign and developmental movement disorders of infancy and early childhood. In general, these movements disorders are transient, and outcomes are positive. Accurate diagnosis can minimize the need for additional testing and provide families with reassurance.

Chapter 5 elucidates how the Anti-Extradition Movement erupted despite the lack of political opportunities in the post-Umbrella period. We demonstrate how abeyance networks from previous mobilizations and an online petition campaign transformed the idea of extradition into a widely perceived existential threat, galvanizing popular support for the movement and leading to the confluence of the masses.

This chapter establishes the general theory for a pair of nonsymmetric multifunctors (E,F) to provide inverse equivalences of homotopy theories between enriched diagram categories. The main result is Theorem 11.4.14 and does not require E or F to satisfy the symmetry condition of a multifunctor. A similar result for enriched Mackey functor categories, in Theorem 11.4.24, requires that E, but not necessarily F, is a multifunctor. This is important for the applications, Theorems 12.1.6 and 12.4.6. There, E is an endomorphism multifunctor and F is a corresponding free nonsymmetric multifunctor.

This chapter considers how the nonsense of Lear, Carroll and Rossetti charts a course through the unknown territories of late-Victorian modernity. It explores the flourishing of nonsense in the 1870s in the context of accounts of the decade as a time when Victorian culture was forced to reckon with the changes and developments that the century had been driving towards. Focusing on puzzling geographies of Carroll’s The Hunting of the Snark and Through the Looking-Glass, the playful exploration of new ways of knowing in Lear’s poetry and the interrogation of likeness and difference in Christina Rossetti’s works for children, it proposes nonsense as a genre well-placed to express the period’s political and epistemological uncertainties.

In Chapter 6, I offer a narrative of how Tehran, as both a physical reality and a conceptual entity, captures the imagination of its residents. The chapter is organized around two emerging cities. The first is a material city that is sometimes admired as “modern,” “developed,” or “comparable to other modern capitals,” and sometimes criticized as “a betrayal of Tehran’s history,” “superficial,” “fake,” “a parody of other cities, with no authenticity.” I explore a second emerging city, a perceptual Tehran, through the narratives that engage with the city as a symbolic entity. Through these expressions, I lay out how Tehran is perceived by its residents, showing that identifying with the city is common and that place identities are more influenced by a sense of belonging to the city than to specific neighborhoods. Furthermore, Tehran has become a new source of inspiration for an unprecedented number of artworks and literature in recent years. Accordingly, while the chapter explores perceptions of the city through narratives of its residents, it also draws on examples of works of art and literature to examine how the city is reproduced and, thus, remembered and celebrated.

Ever since its conception in the 1980s, the scope of what is understood by ‘construction grammar’ has evolved to a point where the constructional enterprise has become a full branch of linguistics in its own right. It can therefore be a daunting challenge for newcomers to come to grips with different research directions that have been pursued under a constructional banner, and even seasoned construction grammarians are at risk of misunderstanding each other. The goal of this chapter is therefore to offer a comparative guide for navigating the constructional landscape and to show that the existence of different constructional flavors is a healthy and necessary response to the problem of analyzing complex linguistic structures, provided that the community maintains a consensus about its core concepts.