Although far-right insurrections often catch worldwide attention, little is known about whether and how these autocratization events affect other countries. This article studies the spillover of a prototype of such coup attempts – the January 6th Capitol insurrection. I argue that a far-right insurrection abroad can trigger a transnational learning process, which increases the salience of the far-right’s anti-democratic potential. Consequently, due to shaming and changes in voting calculus, citizens are less likely to support a domestic far-right party. To test this expectation, I use two panel datasets in Western Europe fielded amid the Capitol insurrection. Both analyses show that the expressed support for domestic far-right parties decreased after this autocratization event. I discuss how these findings enrich the literature on autocratization, the far-right, and transnational learning.

Drawing on declassified reports from the KGB and Komsomol, this paper offers a new picture of dissenting activity among young people in Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia between Stalin's death in 1953 and the end of the 1960s. In contrast to existing depictions of this period as a time of relative quiescence across the region, the article highlights key themes and forms of protest behaviour, ranging from political graffiti and vandalism through to mass public disorders and participation in clandestine underground groups. Further, while such actions remained well outside of the norm, we also see evidence of a wider social milieu in which ordinary citizens time and again declined to confront or report on those instances of dissenting activity that they encountered.

Patients with CHD have an increased risk of necrotising enterocolitis, leading to higher mortality compared to infants without necrotising enterocolitis. Current definitions and treatment recommendations are based on premature infants and accepted criteria for diagnosing or treating necrotising enterocolitis in infants with CHD are lacking. We performed a quality improvement project to develop and implement a diagnostic scoring tool and treatment algorithm for necrotising enterocolitis in infants with CHD, aiming to enhance early diagnosis, categorise disease severity, and expedite safe return to enteral feeding.

The scoring tool and algorithm were implemented in children with CHD under six months of age with clinical suspicion of necrotising enterocolitis. Outcome measures included days of nil per os (NPO), duration of antibiotic treatment, time on total parenteral nutrition, and time to full enteral feeding after diagnosis. Balancing measures included progression to surgical necrotising enterocolitis, vasoactive-inotropic score, length of stay, and mortality.

Twenty-seven patients were included (14 preintervention and 13 postintervention) and 39 episodes of necrotising enterocolitis were analysed (19 preintervention and 20 postintervention). In the postintervention group, patients were NPO for fewer days (2 vs. 7 days, p = 0.004), had a shorter duration of antibiotic treatment (3 vs. 7 days, p = 0.02), received total parenteral nutrition for fewer days (0 vs. 20 days, p = 0.01), and returned to full feeds more quickly (8 versus 18 days, p = 0.013) without increased progression to surgical necrotising enterocolitis (3 versus 0, p = 0.11).

Implementation of a novel necrotising enterocolitis scoring tool and treatment algorithm reduced NPO days, antibiotic duration, and time to full feeds without increasing surgical necrotising enterocolitis in infants with CHD.

In November 1980, a twenty-nine-year-old contract worker in Hammond, Louisiana by the name of Stephen K. Clark was arrested and charged with criminal mischief for painting a thirty-foot mural of Mickey Mouse “making an obscene gesture to Iran” on the side of Sunflower supermarket. According to the store's manager, Clark had been hired to give the store a fresh coat of yellow paint before going wildly off script. The Hammond city prosecutor told the press that Clark would face jail time if convicted for his renegade painting, which, alongside the enormous image of Mickey, featured a word balloon proclaiming “We're fed up. Hey Iran!”1 This was no one-off use of Mickey's likeness to send a message to Iran. At the dawn of the 1980s, the image and sentiment Clark felt compelled to share had become curiously popular across the United States, appearing in surprising places all over the country.

In contrast to ample evidence for cross-linguistic priming of monomorphemic words, cross-linguistic representation of affixes is not well understood. The current study examines cross-linguistic prefix priming among early and late English-Spanish bilinguals, focusing on prefixes that have the same form and meaning in the two languages. We first confirm robust prefix priming among English monolingual speakers (Experiment 1). We also observe prefix priming from first-language English to second-language Spanish but only for early bilinguals (Experiment 2). On the other hand, both early and late bilinguals do not show reliable prefix priming effects that are dissociated from orthographic or semantic priming from Spanish to English (Experiment 3) or from Spanish to Spanish (Experiment 4). The results suggest that for early bilinguals, the tested prefixes in their L1 and L2 have shared representations. Less reliable results for late bilinguals may reflect their weaker sensitivity to morphological structure in a second language.

This paper studies which truth-values are most likely to be taken on finite models by arbitrary sentences of a many-valued predicate logic. The classical zero-one law (independently proved by Fagin and Glebskiĭ et al.) states that every sentence in a purely relational language is almost surely false or almost surely true, meaning that the probability that the formula is true in a randomly chosen finite structures of cardinal n is asymptotically $0$ or $1$ as n grows to infinity. We obtain generalizations of this result for any logic with values in a finite lattice-ordered algebra, and for some infinitely valued logics, including Łukasiewicz logic. The finitely valued case is reduced to the classical one through a uniform translation and Oberschelp’s generalization of the zero-one law. Moreover, it is shown that the complexity of determining the almost sure value of a given sentence is PSPACE-complete (generalizing Grandjean’s result for the classical case), and for some logics we describe completely the set of truth-values that can be taken by sentences almost surely.

The fortune jack (Seriola peruana), a pelagic fish typically found along the Tropical Eastern Pacific, has been recorded in the northernmost Gulf of California (GC) region. The first record in the Upper Gulf and habitat expansion of S. peruana is reported based on the meristic, morphometric, and biological data of three specimens caught by local artisanal fishermen in April 2024. The lack of commercial value likely explains the region's absence of records for this species. The increased presence of S. peruana distribution in the Upper GC could have significant ecological implications, which warrants further fish habitat use and climate change research.

This note offers the solution to a puzzle in the manuscript tradition of Polybius that has baffled eminent modern authorities.

Why do US voters allow politicians to hold the country’s economy hostage during debt ceiling negotiations? In this research note, we argue that ignorance and uncertainty over the consequences of a debt ceiling breach play a nontrivial role in public support for hard-line negotiating positions. In a pre-registered survey experiment, two weeks before the June 2023 deadline to raise the US debt ceiling, we show that providing credible information about the consequences of default increases support for concessions among both Democrats and Republicans. Further, more certain information about the consequences of a debt ceiling breach has a larger effect than less-certain information suggesting that the unpredictable consequences of the crisis also help explain voter reluctance to accept concessions. The findings have implications for understanding debt ceiling negotiations and other crisis bargaining situations where the public serves as a relevant third party.

E-commerce applications have significantly changed how people transact with each other. This includes digital advances that drive illegal wildlife trade. In Indonesia, the Conservation Act of 1990 was enacted before the internet revolution and does not, therefore, adequately cover online illegal wildlife trade. In this study we identified wildlife traded illegally through advertisements published by five large national e-commerce companies and one social media platform operating in Indonesia, using 39 keywords. We also analysed data on wildlife cybercrime court case outcomes, associated criminal networks and their modus operandi. Over 12 months, we found 996 advertisements for wildlife and wildlife products, including of 45 nationally protected species, from 421 accounts. Amongst the six platforms monitored, Facebook Marketplace had the highest illegal wildlife trade traffic. We found that those prosecuted for online illegal wildlife trade were given low sentences. Our analysis of wildlife legislation, focus group discussions and expert interviews showed that the Government of Indonesia Trade Law (2014) and Law on Electronic Information and Transactions (2008) cannot be used to prosecute online illegal wildlife trade cases because these laws do not acknowledge regulations for protected species. Our study emphasizes the urgency of revising the Conservation Act and changing the definition of trade to include advertisements of protected species. We recommend development of screening tools for advertisements and accounts on e-commerce platforms, review of community/user guidelines to prohibit trade of protected species, and strengthening the approach of combining multi-context laws with stakeholder cooperation to prosecute online illegal wildlife trade cases.

Natural language querying allows users to formulate questions in a natural language without requiring specific knowledge of the database query language. Large language models have been very successful in addressing the text-to-SQL problem, which is about translating given questions in textual form into SQL statements. Document-oriented NoSQL databases are gaining popularity in the era of big data due to their ability to handle vast amounts of semi-structured data and provide advanced querying functionalities. However, studies on text-to-NoSQL systems, particularly on systems targeting document databases, are very scarce. In this study, we utilize large language models to create a cross-domain natural language to document database query dataset, DocSpider, leveraging the well-known text-to-SQL challenge dataset Spider. As a document database, we use MongoDB. Furthermore, we conduct experiments to assess the effectiveness of the DocSpider dataset to fine-tune a text-to-NoSQL model against a cross-language transfer learning approach, SQL-to-NoSQL, and zero-shot instruction prompting. The experimental results reveal a significant improvement in the execution accuracy of fine-tuned language models when utilizing the DocSpider dataset.

The additive reserving model assumes the existence of volume measures such that the corresponding expected loss ratios are identical for all accident years. While classical literature assumes these volumes are known, in practice, accurate volume measures are often unavailable. The issue of uncertain volume measures in the additive model was addressed in a generalization of the loss ratio method published in 2018. The derivation is rather complex and the method is computationally intensive, especially for large loss development triangles. This paper introduces an alternative approach that leverages the well-established EM algorithm, significantly reducing computational requirements.

The Floquet exponents of periodic field lines are studied through the variations of the magnetic action on the magnetic axis, which is assumed to be elliptical. The near-axis formalism developed by Mercier, Solov'ev and Shafranov is combined with a Lagrangian approach. The on-axis Floquet exponent is shown to coincide with the on-axis rotational transform. A discrete solution suitable for numerical implementation is introduced, which gives the Floquet exponents as solutions to an eigenvalue problem. This discrete formalism expresses the exponents as the eigenvalues of a $6\times 6$ matrix.

Surgical prosthetic aortic valve replacement has been used for the management of aortic valve dysfunction. Studies in adults after aortic valve replacement report decreased left ventricular function in the early post-operative period. We hypothesised that young adults with aortic valve dysfunction who undergo aortic valve replacement may have incomplete recovery of left ventricular systolic function. This was a retrospective single-centre pilot study of patients with surgical aortic valve replacement at our institution over 20 years. Echocardiograms were analysed pre-operatively, at discharge, 1-year, and 5-year follow-up. Left ventricular systolic function was assessed using fractional shortening and ejection fraction. Speckle tracking measurements were performed for four-chamber longitudinal strain and peak systolic circumferential strain. Repeated-measure ANOVA (SPSS Inc.) was used for analysis. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Our cohort included 15 subjects (age 19.1 ± 9.0 years, 73% male). Left ventricular mass indexed to body surface area significantly improved (63.5 ± 25.3 pre-operatively to 41.2 ± 13.1 at 5 years, p = 0.009). Left ventricular longitudinal and circumferential strain measures deteriorated in the early post-operative period compared to pre-aortic valve replacement (−18.2 ± 3.4 versus −11.8 ± 3.3, p = 0.00) and (−25.1 ± 5.4 versus −18.9 ± 5.4, p = 0.06). Longitudinal strain continued to be abnormal at the 1- and 5-year follow-up compared to baseline. Children and young adults undergoing aortic valve replacement for aortic valve dysfunction had a decrease in left ventricular systolic function by strain imaging in the early post-operative period and abnormalities persisted on 5-year follow-up.