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2 results

  • 6 - Comando Vermelho of Parque União

  • Nicholas Barnes, University of St Andrews
  • Book:
    Inside Criminalized Governance
    Published online:
    06 February 2025
    Print publication:
    13 February 2025, pp 173-204

  • Summary

    This chapter focuses on the governance practices of the Comando Vermelho gang that has controlled Complexo da Maré’s most populous favela, Parque União, for more than three decades. Like their CVNH allies, CVPU has been part of the CV faction for this entire period. And yet, their governance styles have diverged considerably. CVPU evinces a less chaotic evolution as they have remained, aside from several years at the turn of the millennium, a social bandit regime. Overall, the absence of an active rival threat has produced a gang that employs far lower levels of coercion than their counterparts while active enforcement has incentivized CVPU to provide significant benefits to residents. This chapter traces the evolution of these dynamics through a combination of oral histories with residents and gang members, analysis of newspaper archives and anonymous denunciations, as well as participant observation during the author’s time living in Maré.

  • The food environment in favelas is associated with the presence of arterial hypertension and diabetes in socially vulnerable women

  • Luiz Gonzaga Ribeiro Silva-Neto, Risia Cristina Egito de Menezes, Juliana Souza Oliveira, Nathalia Paula de Souza, Thays Lane Ferreira dos Santos, Telma Maria de Menezes Toledo Florêncio
  • Journal:
    Public Health Nutrition / Accepted manuscript
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    03 February 2025, pp. 1-24
    • Article
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      • Open access
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  • Objective:

    To evaluate the relationship between the food environment in favelas and the presence of arterial hypertension and diabetes among women in the context of social vulnerability.

    Design:

    A cross-sectional and partially ecological population-based study was conducted in a Brazilian capital city. The healthiness and availability of ultra-processed foods in the food environment were assessed through retailer audits using the AUDITNOVA instrument. The presence of diabetes and arterial hypertension was evaluated based on self-reported prior medical diagnosis. Logistic regression models were applied using generalized estimating equations, adjusted for age, education, race/skin color, and poverty status.

    Participants:

    1,882 adult women of reproductive age (20 to 44 years).

    Results:

    It was found that 10.9% of women were hypertensive, and 3.2% had diabetes. The likelihood of having diabetes and arterial hypertension decreases with higher levels of healthiness in the food environment (Diabetes [OR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.97]/Arterial hypertension [OR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.24, 0.81]) and increases with greater availability of ultra-processed foods in their living area (Diabetes [OR: 2.18; 95% CI: 1.13, 4.21]/Arterial hypertension [OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.47]).

    Conclusions:

    These results suggest that characteristics of the consumer food environment have a significant effect on the occurrence of chronic diseases among socially vulnerable women, adding to the existing evidence in the literature and highlighting the need for integrated health care.