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14 results

  • 8 - Multiple Sclerosis

  • Louise Cummings, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
  • Book:
    Language in Dementia
    Published online:
    18 September 2020
    Print publication:
    01 October 2020, pp 193-220

  • Summary

    This chapter examines multiple sclerosis (MS), including its epidemiology, aetiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, prognosis, and cognitive profile. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are primarily concerned with speech, language, hearing, voice, fluency, and swallowing in adults with neurodegenerative disorders and how each of these functions may be compromised by cognitive impairment. These aspects of communication are addressed at length in the language and communication profile of MS. Language is examined under the following levels: phonology; morphology and syntax; vocabulary and semantics; and pragmatics and discourse. Speech-language pathologists must assess and treat clients with MS. The techniques and approaches they employ in their work are addressed under SLP management.

  • 5 - Parkinson’s Disease Dementia

  • Louise Cummings, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
  • Book:
    Language in Dementia
    Published online:
    18 September 2020
    Print publication:
    01 October 2020, pp 95-132

  • Summary

    This chapter examines Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), including its epidemiology, aetiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, prognosis, and cognitive profile. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are primarily concerned with speech, language, hearing, voice, fluency, and swallowing in adults with neurodegenerative disorders and how each of these functions may be compromised by cognitive impairment. These aspects of communication are addressed at length in the language and communication profile of PDD. Language is examined under the following levels: phonology; morphology and syntax; vocabulary and semantics; and pragmatics and discourse. Speech-language pathologists must assess and treat clients with PDD. The techniques and approaches they employ in their work are addressed under speech-language pathology management.

  • 4 - Mild Cognitive Impairment

  • Louise Cummings, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
  • Book:
    Language in Dementia
    Published online:
    18 September 2020
    Print publication:
    01 October 2020, pp 68-94

  • Summary

    This chapter examines mild cognitive impairment (MCI), including its epidemiology, aetiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, prognosis, and cognitive profile. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are primarily concerned with speech, language, hearing, voice, fluency, and swallowing in adults with neurodegenerative disorders and how each of these functions may be compromised by cognitive impairment. These aspects of communication are addressed at length in the language and communication profile of MCI. Language is examined under the following levels: phonology; morphology and syntax; vocabulary and semantics; and pragmatics and discourse.Speech-language pathologists must assess and treat clients with MCI. The techniques and approaches they employ in their work are addressed under speech-language pathology management.

  • 6 - Huntington’s Disease

  • Louise Cummings, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
  • Book:
    Language in Dementia
    Published online:
    18 September 2020
    Print publication:
    01 October 2020, pp 133-166

  • Summary

    This chapter examines Huntington's disease (HD), including its epidemiology, aetiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, prognosis, and cognitive profile. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are primarily concerned with speech, language, hearing, voice, fluency, and swallowing in adults with neurodegenerative disorders and how each of these functions may be compromised by cognitive impairment. These aspects of communication are addressed at length in the language and communication profile of HD. Language is examined under the following levels: phonology; morphology and syntax; vocabulary and semantics; and pragmatics and discourse. Speech-language pathologists must assess and treat clients with HD. The techniques and approaches they employ in their work are addressed under speech-language pathology management.

  • 2 - Primary Progressive Aphasia

  • Louise Cummings, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
  • Book:
    Language in Dementia
    Published online:
    18 September 2020
    Print publication:
    01 October 2020, pp 20-42

  • Summary

    This chapter examines primary progressive aphasia (PPA), including its epidemiology, aetiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, prognosis, and cognitive profile. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are primarily concerned with speech, language, hearing, voice, fluency, and swallowing in adults with neurodegenerative disorders and how each of these functions may be compromised by cognitive impairment. These aspects of communication are addressed at length in the language and communication profile of PPA. Language is examined under the following levels: phonology; morphology and syntax; vocabulary and semantics; and pragmatics and discourse. SLPs Speech-langauge pathologists must assess and treat clients with PPA. The techniques and approaches they employ in their work are addressed under SLP speech-language pathology management.

  • 3 - Vascular Dementia

  • Louise Cummings, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
  • Book:
    Language in Dementia
    Published online:
    18 September 2020
    Print publication:
    01 October 2020, pp 43-67

  • Summary

    This chapter examines vascular dementia (VD), including its epidemiology, aetiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, prognosis, and cognitive profile. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are primarily concerned with speech, language, hearing, voice, fluency, and swallowing in adults with neurodegenerative disorders and how each of these functions may be compromised by cognitive impairment. These aspects of communication are addressed at length in the language and communication profile of VD. Language is examined under the following levels: phonology; morphology and syntax; vocabulary and semantics; and pragmatics and discourse. Speech-language pathologists must assess and treat clients with VD. The techniques and approaches they employ in their work are addressed under SLP speech-language pathology management.

  • 7 - Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

  • Louise Cummings, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
  • Book:
    Language in Dementia
    Published online:
    18 September 2020
    Print publication:
    01 October 2020, pp 167-192

  • Summary

    This chapter examines progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), including its epidemiology, aetiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, prognosis and cognitive profile. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are primarily concerned with speech, language, hearing, voice, fluency and swallowing in adults with neurodegenerative disorders and how each of these functions may be compromised by cognitive impairment. These aspects of communication are addressed at length in the language and communication profile of PSP. Language is examined under the following levels: phonology; morphology and syntax; vocabulary and semantics; and pragmatics and discourse. Speech-language pathologists must assess and treat clients with PSP. The techniques and approaches they employ in their work are addressed under speech-language pathology management.

  • 1 - Alzheimer’s Dementia

  • Louise Cummings, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
  • Book:
    Language in Dementia
    Published online:
    18 September 2020
    Print publication:
    01 October 2020, pp 1-19

  • Summary

    This chapter examines Alzheimer’s dementia (AD), including its epidemiology, aetiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, prognosis, and cognitive profile. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are primarily concerned with speech, language, hearing, voice, fluency, and swallowing in adults with neurodegenerative disorders and how each of these functions may be compromised by cognitive impairment. These aspects of communication are addressed at length in the language and communication profile of Alzheimer's dementia. Language is examined under the following levels: phonology; morphology and syntax; vocabulary and semantics; and pragmatics and discourse. Speech-language pathologists must assess and treat clients with Alzheimer's dementia. The techniques and approaches they employ in their work are addressed under SLP speech-language pathology management.

  • Anxiety disorders in children with high intellectual potential

  • Solenn Kermarrec, Laurie Attinger, Jacques-Henri Guignard, Sylvie Tordjman
  • Journal:
    BJPsych Open / Volume 6 / Issue 4 / July 2020
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    06 July 2020, e70
    • Article
      • You have access
      • Open access
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  • Background

    Several studies have reported anxiety disorders in children with high intellectual potential (HIP). However, there are discrepant results possibly as a result of methodological biases (different/absent definitions of HIP, small sample sizes, non-validated/adapted/specific tools for assessing anxiety and a single observational source).

    Aims

    To examine more thoroughly the relationships between HIP and anxiety in large samples of children using clear definitions of HIP, different observational sources and specific assessments of anxiety.

    Method

    Children with HIP (n = 211, total IQ ≥130) were compared with children without HIP (n = 397, total IQ <130) for anxiety using different observational sources (child psychiatric diagnosis, parental evaluation and child's self-evaluation). Intellectual functioning was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale.

    Results

    There were significantly more children with HIP who had anxiety disorders than children without HIP based on the child psychiatric diagnosis. Moreover, based on the child's self-evaluation, children with a high Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI ≥130) were significantly more anxious than children with a VCI <130, whereas children with a high Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI ≥130) were significantly less anxious than children with a PRI <130. Finally, there was no significant relationship between levels of intellectual functioning and anxiety according to parental observation.

    Conclusions

    The results highlight the importance of using multiple observational sources and conducting analyses on different dimensions of intellectual functioning (such as VCI and PRI), rather than only on the composite total IQ score. High verbal potential might be a factor of vulnerability for anxiety, whereas high perceptual reasoning might be a protective factor. Further studies are necessary to understand better the mechanisms underlying these results.

  • 37 - Neuroimaging of Williams–Beuren syndrome

  • from Section VII - Developmental Disorders
    • By Andreia Santos, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Germany, Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Heidelberg and Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Germany
  • Edited by Martha E. Shenton, Bruce I. Turetsky, University of Pennsylvania
  • Book:
    Understanding Neuropsychiatric Disorders
    Published online:
    10 January 2011
    Print publication:
    09 December 2010, pp 537-554

  • Summary

    This chapter reviews imaging studies delineating the unique neuropsychiatric features of Williams-Beuren syndrome (WS), as well as recent advances in investigating the neural substrates of the disorder, which have provided significant contributions to unraveling the impact of a specific genetic defect on brain structure and function. It discusses the clinical, behavioral, cognitive and genetic profiles of WS. Studies using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have found significant brain differences between WS and typically developing individuals. Significant advances in the understanding of the structural basis of WS have come from the application of voxel-based morphometry (VBM), which allows the study of genetic variation without restriction to anatomical boundaries. Findings of the studies reviewed in the chapter offer a systems-level characterization of genetically mediated abnormalities of neural interactions that can be probed for the identification of single-gene effects on brain maturation.

  • Different cognitive profiles between mild cognitive impairment due to cerebral small vessel disease and mild cognitive impairment of Alzheimer’s disease origin

  • AIHONG ZHOU, JIANPING JIA
  • Journal:
    Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 15 / Issue 6 / November 2009
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    01 November 2009, pp. 898-905

  • Controversy surrounds the differences of the cognitive profile between mild cognitive impairment resulting from cerebral small vessel disease (MCI-SVD) and mild cognitive impairment associated with prodromal Alzheimer’s disease (MCI-AD). The aim of this study was to explore and compare the cognitive features of MCI-SVD and MCI-AD. MCI-SVD patients (n = 56), MCI-AD patients (n = 30), and normal control subjects (n = 80) were comprehensively evaluated with neuropsychological tests covering five cognitive domains. The performance was compared between groups. Tests that discriminated between MCI-SVD and MCI-AD were identified. Multiple cognitive domains were impaired in MCI-SVD group, while memory and executive function were mainly impaired in MCI-AD group. Compared with MCI-SVD, MCI-AD patients performed relatively worse on memory tasks, but better on processing speed measures. The AVLT Long Delay Free Recall, Digit Symbol Test, and Stroop Test Part A (performance time) in combination categorized 91.1% of MCI-SVD patients and 86.7% of MCI-AD patients correctly. Current study suggested a nonspecific neuropsychological profile for MCI-SVD and a more specific cognitive pattern in MCI-AD. MCI-AD patients demonstrated greater memory impairment with relatively preserved mental processing speed compared with MCI-SVD patients. Tests tapping these two domains might be potentially useful for differentiating MCI-SVD and MCI-AD patients. (JINS, 2009, 15, 898–905.)

  • Distinct cognitive profiles and rates of decline on the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale in autopsy-confirmed frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease

  • KATYA RASCOVSKY, DAVID P. SALMON, LAWRENCE A. HANSEN, DOUGLAS GALASKO
  • Journal:
    Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 14 / Issue 3 / May 2008
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    17 April 2008, pp. 373-383
    • Article
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  • Neuropsychological studies have shown that patients with Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) perform worse than patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) on tests of conceptualization and verbal fluency, but better on tests of memory and visuospatial functions. However, it is not known if these distinct cognitive profiles are robust enough to be detected using a relatively brief dementia screening instrument such as the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS). To address this issue, the MDRS subscale profiles of patients with autopsy-confirmed FTD (n = 17) or AD (n = 34) were compared. Results showed distinct cognitive profiles in which FTD patients performed worse than AD patients on the Initiation/Perseveration and Conceptualization subscales while performing better on the Memory and Construction subscales. The distinct subscale profiles correctly classified 85% of AD patients and 76% of FTD patients. Profiles were maintained in a subset of mildly-to-moderately demented patients (MDRS ≥ 105) and correctly classified 89% of these patients. In addition, FTD patients (mean = 30.0 points/year) declined faster than AD patients (mean = 14.8 points/year) on MDRS total and specific subscale scores. These results suggest that the MDRS may be a useful adjunct to other clinical measures for distinguishing FTD from AD and tracking the progression of the disorder. (JINS, 2008, 14, 373–383.)