Climate change has been shown to affect different aspects of society, with agriculture and the food system taking the highest hit. Several initiatives have been put in place to dampen such effects. Climate education could play an important role in the fight against climate change. Climate education ensures that farmers understand the anthropogenic causes of climate change and the principles underlying adaptation measures, hence informing adoption of sound adaptation measures. Although such theoretical underpinnings are clear, empirical evidence is lacking. We employ a multivariate probit model to empirically investigate the role of climate education in adoption of climate adaptation practices using data from Cameroon, whose humid tropical agroecology and forests are crucial to climate change mitigation in the Congo basin. Employing a linear model, we similarly evaluate the role of climate education on farm incomes as well as the role of perception of climate change. Our results show that climate education influences adoption of adaptation measures, especially simple and cost-effective measures. However, climate education does not affect farm income, neither does farmers’ perception of climate change. These results suggest that indigenous farmers may be more willing to choose a simple low-cost adaptation measure. The generated results are crucial for influencing climate change policy related to awareness building, education, and training for optimal adaptation efforts.

The fraction of a user population willing to tolerate nuisances of size x is summarized in the survivor curve S(x); its shape is crucial in economic decisions such as pricing and advertising. We report a laboratory experiment that, for the first time, estimates the shape of survivor curves in several different settings. Laboratory subjects engage in a series of six desirable activities, e.g., playing a video game, viewing a chosen video clip, or earning money by answering questions. For each activity and each subject we introduce a chosen level $x\in [x_{min},x_{max}]$ of a particular nuisance, and the subject chooses whether to tolerate the nuisance or to switch to a bland activity for the remaining time. New non-parametric techniques provide bounds on the empirical survivor curves for each activity. Parametric fits of the classic Weibull distribution provide estimates of the survivor curves’ shapes. The fitted shape parameter depends on the activity and nuisance, but overall the estimated survivor curves tend to be log-convex. An implication, given the model of Aperjis and Huberman (SSRN, doi: 10.2139/ssrn.1672820, 2011), is that introducing nuisances all at once will generally be more profitable than introducing them gradually.

This article examines Immanuel Kant’s evolving ideas on race and inheritance, focusing on his early lectures on physical geography. It highlights his engagement with contemporary debates on physiological defects and adaptation. The notes of Georg Hesse, a student of Kant, are analysed to show how Kant’s ideas matured before his first published essay on race in 1775. The article also contextualizes Kant’s relationship with the works of Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis and Henry Baker, showing how their studies on hereditary anomalies influenced Kant’s ideas. Finally, it sheds light on how Kant navigated the challenges of explaining race and inheritance, balancing environmental and hereditary factors in his conceptualization of human variation.

This article stresses the need for climate adaptation to better grasp the social dynamics of vulnerability to climate change. It argues that prevailing approaches in the UK have been inattentive to the social determinants of vulnerability for ethnic and racial minorities. The article begins by setting out the ways in which adaptation is understood and interpolated across multiple levels in the policy process, before discussing why prevailing approaches struggle to recognise that certain social dynamics render some populations more vulnerable to the ongoing effects of climate change. Following this, it will focus on domains of housing and health to reinscribe vulnerability in adaptation as a multidimensional concept, something that registers differentiated levels of structured adaptive capacity by focusing on racialised communities. It concludes by elaborating ways forward in climate adaptation planning and action.

For several years stigma researchers in India have relied on Western instruments or semi-structured stigma scales in their studies. However, these scales have not been rigorously translated and adapted to the local cultural framework. In the current study, we describe the cultural adaptation of six stigma scales with the purpose of using it in the native language (Kannada) based on translation steps of forward translation, expert review and synthesis, cultural equivalence, back translation and cognitive interview processes.

Several items were modified in the target language at each stage of the cultural adaptation process as mentioned in the above steps across all scales. Cultural explanations for the same have been provided. Concepts such as “community forest” and “baby sitting" was replaced with equivalent native synonyms. We introduced native cultural and family values such as “joint family system” and modified the item of housing concept in one of the tools. The concept of “privacy” in the Indian rural context was observed to be familial than individual-based and modification of corresponding items according to the native context of “privacy”. Finally, items from each scale were modified but retained without affecting the meaning and the core construct.

Experts argue that resource transfers from developed to developing countries are central to international climate policy efforts. Yet as countries grapple with the political difficulties of provisioning and accepting climate funds, understanding why voters support or oppose international climate finance becomes critical. Focusing on domestic audiences in both donor and recipient countries, we investigate the determinants of public support for cross-border climate transfers. Theoretically, we focus on the effects of emphasizing the compensatory purposes of funding, favoring mitigation over adaptation activities, and prioritizing partnerships between donor and recipient agents—three factors that generate both normative and material benefits, and thus build support among broader coalitions of voters. Paired survey experiments in the United States and India corroborate the relevance of these transfer features for citizens in donor and recipient countries. Taken together, our findings shed light on the domestic political-economy attributes of transfer agreements that can unlock support for cross-border climate cooperation.

Acanthocephalans are obligatory endoparasites that often alter the phenotype of their invertebrate intermediate host to facilitate trophic transmission to their final vertebrate host. Acanthocephalus anguillae, a widespread parasite of European freshwater fishes and isopod Asellus aquaticus, was recently discovered also in Postojna-Planina Cave System (Slovenia) parasitising olms (Proteus anguinus) and cave populations of A. aquaticus. This setting offers a unique opportunity to investigate potential fine-tuning of parasitic manipulations to the specifics of the highly divergent subterranean environment where some common phenotypic alterations lose functionality, but others might gain it. We measured three behavioural traits: movement activity, shelter-seeking, and response to light of infested and uninfested isopods from surface and cave populations. All behaviours were quantified from 1-h video-recordings via video-tracking isopod’s movement in empty or custom modified (half-sheltered/half-illuminated) Petri dishes. Infested isopods of both populations spent significantly less time sheltering and were significantly less photophobic than uninfested ones, whereas the activity of isopods was not altered. However, we observed almost no cave-specific responses upon infestation in the two altered behaviours. It seems phenotypic alterations are not particularly fine-tuned to the subterranean environment and its hosts, and likely still reflect the parasite’s surface origin.

Despite societal perceptions of older adults as vulnerable, literature on resilience suggests that exposure to adversity and resources gained with life experience contribute to adaptation. One way to explore the nature of resilience is to document assets supporting adaptation. Interviews were conducted with older adults living in Canada at two time points during the COVID-19 pandemic, September 2020–May 2021 (T1) and January–August 2022 (T2). Reflexive thematic analysis was completed to report on what older adults identified as assets and how they understood the value of those assets for resilience. Participants indicated that the potential value of their contributions went largely untapped at the level of the community but supported individual and household adaptation. In line with calls for an all-of-society approach to reduce disaster risk and support resilience, creating a culture of inclusivity that recognizes the potential contributions of older adults should be paired with opportunities for action.

The capacity of river mouths to reduce storm surge water levels upstream, referred to as along-estuary attenuation, has been assessed by several studies. The coastal protection function of semi-enclosed water bodies such as lagoons and channels with narrow inlets remains less explored and generalization is hampered by differences in morphology and hydrodynamic forcing. Here we use a hydrodynamic model to investigate surge attenuation along a microtidal channel with a narrow inlet at the Baltic Sea coast of Germany called The Schlei. We quantify the importance of wind and the contribution of the barrier spit system, which is constricting the inlet, to the reduction of water levels at the landward end of the channel. In addition, we explore the role of dikes in the region for the reduction of peak water levels and coastal flooding. We find effective along-channel attenuation inside The Schlei in its current state, which is mostly a result of the channel’s narrows. However, reduction rates decrease under simplified sea-level rise scenarios. Furthermore, along-channel attenuation is highly variable and can change to substantial amplification depending on hydrometeorological forcing. The barrier spit contributes to along-channel attenuation whereas the effect of existing dikes (or their removal) for along-channel attenuation is negligible.