Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T08:24:46.727Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Behavioral evidence for a continuous approach to the perception of emotionally valenced stimuli

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 June 2015

Vanessa LoBue
Vanessa LoBue*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102. [email protected]://nwkpsych.rutgers.edu/~vlobue/
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Pessoa's (2013) dual competition model outlines a framework for how cognition and emotion interact at the perceptual levels and provides evidence within the field of neuroscience to support this new perspective. Here, I discuss how behavioral work fares with this new model and how visual detection is influenced by information with affective or motivational content.

Type
Open Peer Commentary
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 38 , 2015 , e79
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Becker, D. V., Anderson, U. S., Mortensen, C. R., Neufeld, S. L. & Neel, R. (2011a) The face in the crowd effect unconfounded: Happy faces, not angry faces, are more efficiently detected in single- and multiple-target visual search tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology General 140:637–59.Google Scholar
Becker, S. I., Horstmann, G. & Remington, R. W. (2011b) Perceptual grouping, not emotion, accounts for search asymmetries with schematic faces. Journal of Experimental Psychology, Human Perception and Performance 37:1739–57.Google Scholar
Calvo, M. G., Avero, P. & Lundqvist, D. (2006) Facilitated detection of angry faces: Initial orienting and processing efficiency. Cognition and Emotion 20:785–811.Google Scholar
Coan, J. A. (2010) Emergent ghosts of the emotion machine. Emotion Review 2:274–85.Google Scholar
Coelho, C. M., Cloete, S. & Wallis, G. (2011) The face-in-the-crowd effect: When angry faces are just cross(es). Journal of Vision 10:1–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cunningham, W. A. & Zelazo, P. D. (2009) The development of iterative reprocessing: Implications for affect and its regulation. In: Developmental social cognitive neuroscience, ed. Zelazo, P. D., Chandler, M. & Crone, E. A., pp. 81–98. Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Eastwood, J. D. & Smilek, D. (2005) Functional consequences of perceiving facial expressions of emotion without awareness. Consciousness and Cognition 14:565–84.Google Scholar
Eastwood, J. D., Smilek, D. & Merikle, P. M. (2001) Differential attentional guidance by unattended faces expressing positive and negative emotion. Perception and Psychophysics 63:1004–13.Google Scholar
Ekman, P. & Cordaro, D. (2011) What is meant by calling emotions basic. Emotion Review 3:364–70.Google Scholar
Esteves, F. (1999) Attentional bias to emotional facial expressions. European Review of Applied Psychology 49:91–97.Google Scholar
Flykt, A. (2005) Visual search with biological threat stimuli: Accuracy, reaction times, and heart rate changes. Emotion 5:349–53.Google Scholar
Flykt, A. (2006) Preparedness for action: Responding to the snake in the grass. The American Journal of Psychology 119:29–43.Google Scholar
Fox, E., Lester, V., Russo, R., Bowles, R., Pichler, A. & Dutton, K. (2000) Facial expressions of emotion: Are angry faces detected more efficiently? Cognition and Emotion 14:61–92.Google Scholar
Frischen, A., Eastwood, J. D. & Smilek, D. (2008) Visual search for faces with emotional expressions. Psychological Bulletin 134:662–76.Google Scholar
Hansen, C. H. & Hansen, R. D. (1988) Finding the face in the crowd: An anger superiority effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 54:917–24.Google Scholar
Hayakawa, S., Kawai, N. & Masataka, N. (2011) The influence of color on snake detection in visual search in human children. Scientific Reports 1:1–4.Google Scholar
Horstmann, G. & Bauland, A. (2006) Search asymmetries with real faces: Testing the anger–superiority effect. Emotion 6:193–207.Google Scholar
Horstmann, G., Borgstedt, K. & Heumann, M. (2006) Flanker effects with faces may depend on perceptual as well as emotional differences. Emotion 6:28–39.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Izard, C. E. (2007) Basic emotions, natural kinds, emotion schemas, and a new paradigm. Perspectives in Psychological Science 2:260–80.Google Scholar
Larson, C. L., Aronoff, J. & Stearns, J. J. (2007) The shape of threat: Simple geometric forms evoke rapid and sustained capture of attention. Emotion 7:526–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lewis, M. D. & Douglas, L. (1998) A dynamic systems approach to cognition-emotion interactions in development. In: What develops in emotional development? ed. Mascolo, M. F. & Griffin, S., pp. 159–88. Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Lipp, O. V. (2006) Of snakes and flowers: Does preferential detection of pictures of fear-relevant animals in visual search reflect on fear-relevance? Emotion 6:296–308.Google Scholar
Lipp, O. V. & Derakshan, N. (2005) Attentional bias to pictures of fear-relevant animals in a dot probe task. Emotion 5:365–69.Google Scholar
Lipp, O. V., Derakshan, N., Waters, A. M. & Logies, S. (2004) Snakes and cats in the flower bed: Fast detection is not specific to pictures of fear-relevant animals. Emotion 4:233–50.Google Scholar
Lipp, O. V. & Waters, A. M. (2007) When danger lurks in the background: Attentional capture by animal fear-relevant distractors is specific and selectively enhanced by animal fear. Emotion 7:192–200.Google Scholar
LoBue, V. (2009) More than just a face in the crowd: Detection of emotional facial expressions in young children and adults. Developmental Science 12:305–13.Google Scholar
LoBue, V. (2010) And along came a spider: Superior detection of spiders in children and adults. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 107:59–66.Google Scholar
LoBue, V. (2014) Deconstructing the snake: The relative roles of perception, cognition, and emotion on threat detection. Emotion 14(4):701–11.Google Scholar
LoBue, V. & DeLoache, J. S. (2008) Detecting the snake in the grass: Attention to fear-relevant stimuli by adults and young children. Psychological Science 19:284–89.Google Scholar
LoBue, V. & DeLoache, J. S. (2010) Superior detection of threat-relevant stimuli in infancy. Developmental Science 13:221–28.Google Scholar
LoBue, V. & DeLoache, J. S. (2011) What's so special about slithering serpents? Children and adults rapidly detect snakes based on their simple features. Visual Cognition 19:129–43.Google Scholar
LoBue, V. & Larson, C. L. (2010) What makes angry faces look so…angry? Examining visual attention to the shape of threat in children and adults. Visual Cognition 18:1165–78.Google Scholar
LoBue, V., Matthews, K., Harvey, T. & Stark, S. L. (2014) What accounts for the rapid detection of threat? Evidence for an advantage in perceptual and behavioral responding from eye movements. Emotion 14(4):816–23.Google Scholar
Lundqvist, D. & Öhman, A. (2005) Emotion regulates attention: The relation between facial configurations, facial emotion, and visual attention. Visual Cognition 12:51–84.Google Scholar
Masataka, N. & Shibasaki, M. (2012) Premenstrual enhancement of snake detection in visual search in healthy women. Scientific Reports 2:1–4.Google Scholar
Öhman, A., Flykt, A. & Esteves, F. (2001a) Emotion drives attention: Detecting the snake in the grass. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 13:466–78.Google Scholar
Öhman, A., Lundqvist, D. & Esteves, F. (2001b) The face in the crowd revisited: An anger superiority effect with schematic faces. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 80:381–96.Google Scholar
Panksepp, J. (2007) Neurologizing the psychology of affects: How appraisal-based constructivism and basic emotion theory can coexist. Perspectives in Psychological Science 2:281–96.Google Scholar
Pessoa, L. (2013) The cognitive-emotional brain. From interactions to integration. MIT Press.Google Scholar
Purkis, H. M. & Lipp, O. V. (2007) Automatic attention does not equal automatic fear: Preferential attention without implicit valence. Emotion 7:314–23.Google Scholar
Rakison, D. H. & Derringer, J. L. (2008) Do infants possess an evolved spider-detection mechanism? Cognition 107:381–93.Google Scholar
Schubo, A., Gendolla, G., Meinecke, C. & Abele, A. E. (2006) Detecting emotional faces and features in a visual search task paradigm: Are faces special? Emotion 6:246–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shibasaki, M. & Kawai, N. (2009) Rapid detection of snakes by Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata): An evolutionarily predisposed visual system. Journal of Comparative Psychology 123:131–35.Google Scholar
Soares, S. C., Esteves, F., Lundqvist, D. & Öhman, A. (2012) Some animal specific fears are more specific than others: Evidence from attention and emotion measures. Behaviour Research and Therapy 47:1032–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tipples, J., Atkinson, A. P. & Young, A. W. (2002a) The eyebrow frown: A salient social signal. Emotion 2:288–96.Google Scholar
Tipples, J., Young, A. W., Quinlan, P., Broks, P. & Ellis, A. W. (2002b) Searching for threat. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 55A:1007–26.Google Scholar
Williams, M. A., Moss, S. A., Bradshaw, J. L. & Mattingly, J. B. (2005) Look at me, I'm smiling: Visual search for threatening and nonthreatening facial expressions. Visual Cognition 12:29–50.Google Scholar
Wolfe, J. M. (1998) What can 1 million trials tell us about visual search? Psychological Science 9:33–39.Google Scholar