The concepts of d- and nd-Frattini chief factors of a finite group are introduced. Their ingrainment into that of the extended Frattini dual subgroup becomes the natural dual to Frattini and supplemented chief factors. Not only does a dual of the strengthened form of the Jordan–Hölder theorem arise, but also the $p$-nilpotent radical becomes the intersection of the centralizers of the nd-Frattini chief factors. As a result, a class $\mathfrak{F}$ of groups is a full integrated local formation $\mathrm{LF}(f)$ if and only if each nd-Frattini chief factor in $G\in\mathfrak{F}$ is $f$-central.

In this paper we state and prove a new general Hilbert-type inequality in $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ with $k\geq2$ non-conjugate exponents. Using Selberg's integral formula, this result is then applied to obtain explicit upper bounds for the doubly weighted Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev inequality and some further Hilbert-type inequalities for $k$ non-negative functions and non-conjugate exponents.

The loop homology ring of an oriented closed manifold, defined by Chas and Sullivan, is interpreted as a fibrewise homology Pontrjagin ring. The basic structure, particularly the commutativity of the loop multiplication and the homotopy invariance, is explained from the viewpoint of the fibrewise theory, and the definition is extended to arbitrary compact manifolds.

We prove the following two new optimal immersion results for complex projective space. First, if $n\equiv3\,\Mod 8$ but $n\not\equiv3\,\Mod 64$, and $\alpha(n)=7$, then $CP^{n}$ can be immersed in $\mathbb{R}^{4n-14}$. Second, if $n$ is even and $\alpha(n)=3$, then $CP^n$ can be immersed in $\mathbb{R}^{4n-4}$. Here $\alpha(n)$ denotes the number of 1s in the binary expansion of $n$. The first contradicts a result of Crabb, which said that such an immersion does not exist, apparently due to an arithmetical mistake. We combine Crabb's method with that developed by the author and Mahowald.

In 1990, Howie and McFadden showed that every proper two-sided ideal of the full transformation monoid $T_n$, the set of all maps from an $n$-set to itself under composition, has a generating set, consisting of idempotents, that is no larger than any other generating set. This fact is a direct consequence of the same property holding in an associated finite $0$-simple semigroup. We show a correspondence between finite $0$-simple semigroups that have this property and bipartite graphs that satisfy a condition that is similar to, but slightly stronger than, Hall's condition. The results are applied in order to recover the above result for the full transformation monoid and to prove the analogous result for the proper two-sided ideals of the monoid of endomorphisms of a finite vector space.

There has been much recent progress in the study of arithmetic progressions in various sets, such as dense subsets of the integers or of the primes. One key tool in these developments has been the sequence of Gowers uniformity norms $U^d(G)$, $d=1,2,3,\dots$, on a finite additive group $G$; in particular, to detect arithmetic progressions of length $k$ in $G$ it is important to know under what circumstances the $U^{k-1}(G)$ norm can be large.

The $U^1(G)$ norm is trivial, and the $U^2(G)$ norm can be easily described in terms of the Fourier transform. In this paper we systematically study the $U^3(G)$ norm, defined for any function $f:G\to\mathbb{C}$ on a finite additive group $G$ by the formula

\begin{multline*} \qquad\|f\|_{U^3(G)}:=|G|^{-4}\sum_{x,a,b,c\in G}(f(x)\overline{f(x+a)f(x+b)f(x+c)}f(x+a+b) \\ \times f(x+b+c)f(x+c+a)\overline{f(x+a+b+c)})^{1/8}.\qquad \end{multline*}

We give an inverse theorem for the $U^3(G)$ norm on an arbitrary group $G$. In the finite-field case $G=\mathbb{F}_5^n$ we show that a bounded function $f:G\to\mathbb{C}$ has large $U^3(G)$ norm if and only if it has a large inner product with a function $e(\phi)$, where $e(x):=\mathrm{e}^{2\pi\ri x}$ and $\phi:\mathbb{F}_5^n\to\mathbb{R}/\mathbb{Z}$ is a quadratic phase function. In a general $G$ the statement is more complicated: the phase $\phi$ is quadratic only locally on a Bohr neighbourhood in $G$.

As an application we extend Gowers's proof of Szemerédi's theorem for progressions of length four to arbitrary abelian $G$. More precisely, writing $r_4(G)$ for the size of the largest $A\subseteq G$ which does not contain a progression of length four, we prove that

$$ r_4(G)\ll|G|(\log\log|G|)^{-c}, $$

where $c$ is an absolute constant.

We also discuss links between our ideas and recent results of Host, Kra and Ziegler in ergodic theory.

In future papers we will apply variants of our inverse theorems to obtain an asymptotic for the number of quadruples $p_1\ltp_2\ltp_3\ltp_4\leq N$ of primes in arithmetic progression, and to obtain significantly stronger bounds for $r_4(G)$.

Let $\mu$ be a positive Radon measure on $\mathbb{R}^d$ which satisfies $\mu(B(x,r))\le Cr^{n}$ for any $x\in\mathbb{R}^d$ and $r>0$ and some fixed constants $C>0$ and $n\in(0,d]$. In this paper, a new characterization of the space $\rbmo(\mu)$, which was introduced by Tolsa, is given. As an application, it is proved that the $L^p(\mu)$-boundedness with $p\in(1,\infty)$ of Calderón–Zygmund operators is equivalent to various endpoint estimates.

In this paper we prove that sub-Gaussian estimates of heat kernels of regular Dirichlet forms are equivalent to the regularity of measures, two-sided bounds of effective resistances and the locality of semigroups, on strongly recurrent compact metric spaces. Upper bounds of effective resistances imply the compact embedding theorem for domains of Dirichlet forms, and give rise to the existence of Green functions with zero Dirichlet boundary conditions. Green functions play an important role in our analysis. Our emphasis in this paper is on the analytic aspects of deriving two-sided sub-Gaussian bounds of heat kernels. We also give the probabilistic interpretation for each of the main analytic steps.

An interesting result of Ivanov implies that a non-aspherical relative presentation that defines a torsion-free group would provide a potential counterexample to the Kaplansky zero-divisor conjecture. In this point of view, we prove the asphericity of the length-6 relative presentation $\langle H,x: xh_1xh_2xh_3xh_4xh_5xh_6\rangle$, provided that each coefficient is torsion free.

Let $(M,g)$ be a manifold of bounded geometry with metric $g$. We consider a Schrödinger-type differential expression $H=\Delta_M+V$, where $\Delta_M$ is the scalar Laplacian on $M$ and $V$ is a non-negative locally integrable function on $M$. We give a sufficient condition for $H$ to have an $m$-accretive realization in the space $L^1(M)$.špace{-4pt}

We construct and examine an operator space $X$, isometric to $\ell_2$, such that every completely bounded map from its subspace $Y$ into $X$ is a compact perturbation of a linear combination of multiples of a shift of given multiplicity and their adjoints. Moreover, every completely bounded map on $X$ is a Hilbert–Schmidt perturbation of such a linear combination.

For $a\in(0,\tfrac12]$ and $r\in(0,1)$, let $\mu_a(r)$ be the so-called generalized Grötzsch function which appears in Ramanujan's generalized modular equations. In this paper, several sharp inequalities for $\mu_a(r)$ are obtained and a conjecture on $\mu_a(r)$, which was presented by Qiu and Vuorinen in 1999, is proved.