In this paper we present a result of existence of infinitely many arbitrarily small positive solutions to the following Dirichlet problem involving the p-Laplacian, where Ω ∈ RN is a bounded open set with sufficiently smooth boundary ∂Ω, p > 1, λ > 0, and f: Ω × R → R is a Carathéodory function satisfying the following condition: there exists t̄ > 0 such that Precisely, our result ensures the existence of a sequence of a.e. positive weak solutions to the above problem, converging to zero in L∞(Ω).

This paper studies the asymptotic behaviour of the solutions of the scalar integro-differential equation The kernel k is assumed to be positive, continuous and integrable.If it is known that all solutions x are integrable and x(t) → 0 as t → ∞, but also that x = 0 cannot be exponentially asymptotically stable unless there is some γ > 0 such that Here, we restrict the kernel to be in a class of subexponential functions in which k(t) → 0 as t → ∞ so slowly that the above condition is violated. It is proved here that the rate of convergence of x(t) → 0 as t → ∞ is given by The result is proved by determining the asymptotic behaviour of the solution of the transient renewal equation If the kernel h is subexponential, then

We deal here with a mixed (hyperbolic-elliptic) system of two conservation laws modelling phase-transition dynamics in solids undergoing phase transformations. These equations include nonlinear viscosity and capillarity terms. We establish general results concerning the existence, uniqueness and asymptotic properties of the corresponding travelling wave solutions. In particular, we determine their behaviour in the limits of dominant diffusion, dominant dispersion or asymptotically small or large shock strength. As the viscosity and capillarity parameters tend to zero, the travelling waves converge to propagating discontinuities, which are either classical shock waves or supersonic phase boundaries satisfying the Lax and Liu entropy criteria, or else are undercompressive subsonic phase boundaries. The latter are uniquely characterized by the so-called kinetic function, whose properties are investigated in detail here.

In this paper we study the homogenization of an eigenvalue problem for a cooperative system of weakly coupled elliptic partial differential equations, called the neutronic multigroup diffusion model, in a periodic heterogeneous domain. Such a model is used for studying the criticality of nuclear reactor cores. In a recent work in collaboration with Grégoire Allaire, it is proved that, under a symmetry assumption, the first eigenvector of the multigroup system in the periodicity cell controls the oscillatory behaviour of the solutions, whereas the global trend is asymptotically given by a homogenized diffusion eigenvalue problem. It is shown here that when this symmetry condition is not fulfilled, the asymptotic behaviour of the neutron flux, corresponding to the first eigenvector of the multigroup system, is dramatically different. This result enables to consider new types of geometrical configurations in practical nuclear reactor core computations.

We consider the Dirichlet problem for the equation -Δpu = q(|x|)f(u) in an annulus Ω ⊂ Rn, n ≥ 1, where Δpu = div(|∇u|p−2∇u) is the p-Laplacian operator, p > 1. With no assumption on the behaviour of the nonlinearity f either at zero or at infinity, we prove existence and localization of positive radial solutions for this problem by applying Schauder's fixed-point theorem. Precisely, we show the existence of at least one such solution each time the graph of f passes through an appropriate tunnel. So, it is easy to exhibit multiple, or even infinitely many, positive solutions. Moreover, upper and lower bounds for the maximum value of the solution are obtained. Our results are easily extended to the exterior of a ball, when n > p.

We consider internal gravity waves in a stratified fluid layer with rigid horizontal boundaries and periodic boundary conditions on the sides at constant temperature with a small constant viscosity, modelled using the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Using operator-theoretic methods to study the damping rates of internal waves we prove there are non-oscillatory wave modes with arbitrarily small damping rates. We provide an asymptotic approximation for these non-oscillatory modes. Additionally, we find that the eigenvalues for damped oscillations are in an explicitly describable half-ring.

We study the time-asymptotic behaviour of solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations for a one-dimensional viscous polytropic ideal gas in the half-line. Using a local representation for the specific volume, which is obtained by using a special cut-off function to localize the problem, and the weighted energy estimates, we prove that the specific volume is pointwise bounded from below and above for all x, t and that for all t the temperature is bounded from below and above locally in x. Moreover, global solutions are convergent as time goes to infinity. The large-time behaviour of solutions to the Cauchy problem is also examined.

Given a sequence of linear forms in m ≥ 2 complex or p-adic numbers α1, …,αm ∈ Kv with appropriate growth conditions, Nesterenko proved a lower bound for the dimension d of the vector space Kα1 + ··· + Kαm over K, when K = Q and v is the infinite place. We shall generalize Nesterenko's dimension estimate over number fields K with appropriate places v, if the lower bound condition for |Rn| is replaced by the determinant condition. For the q-series approximations also a linear independence measure is given for the d linearly independent numbers. As an application we prove that the initial values F(t), F(qt), …, F(qm−1t) of the linear homogeneous q-functional equation where N = N(q, t), Pi = Pi(q, t) ∈ K[q, t] (i = 1, …, m), generate a vector space of dimension d ≥ 2 over K under some conditions for the coefficient polynomials, the solution F(t) and t, q ∈ K*.

We characterize injective continuous maps on the space of real or complex rectangular matrices preserving adjacent pairs of matrices. We also extend Hua's fundamental theorem of the geometry of rectangular matrices to the infinite-dimensional case. An application in the theory of local automorphisms is presented.

In this paper we employ some new ideas and more delicate estimates, as well as some ideas from previous works, to establish the existence of universal attractors for a nonlinear one-dimensional heat-conductive viscous real gas in the bounded domain Ω = (0,1).

This paper considers the dynamics of a three-dimensional nonlinear autonomous system that models the behaviour of an electrical circuit. Results on the existence of stable periodic oscillations and the behaviour of Poincaré–Bendixon types are obtained. The work is based on a variation of classical monotone systems theory.

This paper establishes the main features of the spectral theory for the singular two-point boundary-value problem and which models the buckling of a rod whose cross-sectional area decays to zero at one end. The degree of tapering is related to the rate at which the coefficient A tends to zero as s approaches 0. We say that there is tapering of order p ≥ 0 when A ∈ C([0, 1]) with A(s) > 0 for s ∈ (0, 1] and there is a constant L ∈ (0, ∞) such that lims→0A(s)/sp = L. A rigorous spectral theory involves relating (1)−(3) to the spectrum of a linear operator in a function space and then investigating the spectrum of that operator. We do this in two different (but, as we show, equivalent) settings, each of which is natural from a certain point of view. The main conclusion is that the spectral properties of the problem for tapering of order p = 2 are very different from what occurs for p < 2. For p = 2, there is a non-trivial essential spectrum and possibly no eigenvalues, whereas for p < 2, the whole spectrum consists of a sequence of simple eigenvalues. Establishing the details of this spectral theory is an important step in the study of the corresponding nonlinear model. The first function space that we choose is the one best suited to the mechanical interpretation of the problem and the one that is used for treating the nonlinear problem. However, we relate this formulation in a precise way to the usual L2 setting that is most common when dealing with boundary-value problems.