Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society

Volume 38 (Series II) Part 1 February 1995

Page 133—Paper by Daqing Wan, Gary L. Mullen and Peter Jau-Shyong Shiue

Due to a printer's error a mathematical sign was missed in the article heading which should now read:

The Number of Permutation Polynomials of the Form f(x) + cx Over a Finite Field

An orthodox semigroup S is termed quasi-F-orthodox if the greatest inverse semigroup homomorphic image of S1 is F-inverse. In this paper we show that each quasi-F-orthodox semigroup is embeddable into a semidirect product of a band by a group. Furthermore, we present a subclass in the class of quasi-F-orthodox semigroups whose members S are embeddable into a semidirect product of a band B by a group in such a way that B belongs to the band variety generated by the band of idempotents in S. In particular, this subclass contains the F-orthodox semigroups and the idempotent pure homomorphic images of the bifree orthodox semigroups.

Let A be a quasi-accretive operator defined in a uniformly smooth Banach space. We present a necessary and sufficient condition for the strong convergence of the semigroups generated by – A and of the steepest descent methods to a zero of A.

Unlike ring modules certain faithful N-groups are unique. The main theorem is that if N is a 2-tame ring-free near-ring where N/J(N) has DCCR, then all faithful 2-tame N-groups are finite and N-isomorphic. The finiteness of such an N-group follows easily from the fact it has a composition series. It is then shown that the length of a composition series depends only on N. This fact is used at key points in the proof. The situations where the N-group has or has not a minimal submodule require different analysis. The first case makes use of other interesting results and the second makes strong use of the inductive assumption.

Let A(z) be a transcendental entire function and f1, f2 be linearly independent solutions of

We prove that if A(z) has Nevanlinna deficiency δ(0, A) = 1, then the exponent of convergence of E: = flf2 is infinite. The theorems that we prove here are similar to those in Bank, Laine and Langley [3].

A new approach to fractional integrals of distributions on a half-line is suggested. The results admit an extension to a large class of Mellin convolutions.

A generalised triangle group has a presentation of the form

where R is a cyclically reduced word involving both x and y. When R = xy, these classical triangle groups have representations as discrete groups of isometrics of S2, R2, H2 depending on

In this paper, for other words R, faithful discrete representations of these groups in Isom +H3 = PSL(2, C) are considered with particular emphasis on the case R = [x, y] and also on the relationship between the Euler characteristic χ and finite covolume representations.

An asymptotic tract of a real function u harmonic and non-constant in ℂ is a component of the set {z:u(z)≠c}, for some real number c; a quasi-tractT(≠ℂ) is an unbounded simply-connected domain in ℂ such that there exists a function u that is positive, unbounded and harmonic in T such that, for each point ζ∈∂T∩ℂ,

and a ℱ-tract is an unbounded simply-connected domain T in ℂ whose every prime end that contains ∞ in its impression is of the first kind.

The authors study the growth of a harmonic function in one of its asymptotic tracts, and the question of whether a quasi-tract is an asymptotic tract. The branching of either type of tract is also taken into consideration.

A star operation is defined and studied for the Steenrod algebra. Numerous product formulas of Steenrod operations are presented.

The paper is devoted to studying one generalization of Steiner systems S(n, k, l) closely related to packings and coverings of l-tuples by k-tuples of an n-set. One necessary and one sufficient condition for the existence of such designs are obtained.

We prove the existence of nontrivial k-type surfaces by constructing k-type immersions of flat tori in 6 which are not product immersions.

Let T be a unitary operator on a complex Hilbert space ℋ, and X, Y be finite subsets of ℋ. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for TZ(X): {Tnx: n ∈ Z, x ∈ X} to be a Riesz basis of its closed linear span 〈TZ(X)〉. If TZ(X) and TZ(Y) are Riesz bases, and 〈TZ(X)〉⊂〈TZ(Y)〉, then X is extendable to X′ such that TZ(X′) is a Riesz basis of TZ(Y) The proof provides an algorithm for the construction of Riesz bases for the orthogonal complement of 〈TZ(X)〉 in 〈TZ(Y)〉. In the case X consists of a single B-spline, the algorithm gives a natural and quick construction of the spline wavelets of Chui and Wang [2, 3]. Further, the duality principle of Chui and Wang in [3] and [4] is put in the general setting of biorthogonal Riesz bases in Hilbert space.

The aim of this paper is to discuss groups G=HK=HA=KA with a triple factorisation as a product of two subgroups H and K and a nilpotent normal subgroup A. It is of interest to know whether such a group G satisfies some nilpotency or supersolubility condition if H and K satisfy the same condition. A positive answer to this problem is given for certain group classes under the hypothesis that A is prefactorised in G = HK. Some applications of the main theorem are also mentioned.

Let V be a left vector space over the arbitrary division ring D and G a locally nilpotent group of finitary automorphisms of V (automorphisms g of V such that dimDV(g-1)<∞) such that V is irreducible as D-G bimodule. If V is infinite dimensional we show that such groups are very rare, much rarer than in the finite-dimensional case. For example we show that if dimDV is infinite then dimDV = |G| = ℵ0 and G is a locally finite q-group for some prime q ≠ char D. Moreover G is isomorphic to a finitary linear group over a field. Examples show that infinite-dimensional such groups G do exist. Note also that there exist examples of finite-dimensional such groups G that are not isomorphic to any finitary linear group over a field. Generally the finite-dimensional examples are more varied.

Let X = (X0, X1) and Y = (Y0, Y1) be Banach couples and suppose T:X→Y is a linear operator such that T:X0→Y0 is compact. We consider the question whether the operator T:[X0, X1]θ→[Y0, Y1]θ is compact and show a positive answer under a variety of conditions. For example it suffices that X0 be a UMD-space or that X0 is reflexive and there is a Banach space so that X0 = [W, X1]α, for some 0<α<1.

We discuss the existence and non-existence of front, domain wall and pulse type traveling wave solutions of a Ginzburg-Landau equation with cubic terms containing spatial derivatives and a fifth order term, in both subcritical and supercritical cases. Our results appear to be the first rigorous existence and non-existence proofs for the full equation with all possible terms derived from second order perturbation theory present.

We present some existence results for the “nonresonant” singular boundary value problem a.e. on [0, 1] with Here μ is such that a.e. on [0, 1] with has only the trivial solution.

In response to a letter from Goldbach, Euler considered sums of the form

where s and t are positive integers.

As Euler discovered by a process of extrapolation (from s + t ≦ 13), σh(s, t) can be evaluated in terms of Riemann ζ-functions when s + t is odd. We provide a rigorous proof of Euler's discovery and then give analogous evaluations with proofs for corresponding alternating sums. Relatedly we give a formula for the series

This evaluation involves ζ-functions and σh(2, m).

We consider rational functions of the form fm(z) = zm/(z – p) which are analytic in |z|<p, p>1, and establish that the asymptotic distribution of the zeros of their Taylor sections and Lagrange interpolants at uniformly distributed nodes is similar. This notion is also illustrated computationally. We conjecture that a similar result can be expected for any function analytic in |z| < p.

This paper studies questions connected with when the Rees algebra of an ideal or the formring of an ideal is Gorenstein. The main results are for ideals of small analytic deviation, and for m-primary ideals of a regular local ring (R, m). The general point proved is that the Gorenstein property forces (and is sometimes equivalent to) lowering the reduction number of the ideal by one from the value predicted if one only assumes the Rees algebra or formring is Cohen–Macaulay.