This is the final paper of the series of three papers under the same title. The finite dimensional theory developed in the first of them 7 contains first of all:

(a) a calculus having among its consequences the calculi of convex subdifferentials and generalized gradients of Clarke (henceforth sometimes abbreviated C.g.g.) in the most general form which is partly due to the fact that in a finite dimensional space

for any convex function f and

for any SX (A means approximate, C means Clarke); and (b) a theorem stating that approximate subdifferentials are minimal (as sets) among all possible subdifferentials satisfying one or another set of conditions (usually very natural).

We show that for every smooth curve in Rn, there is a quadrilateral with equal sides and equal diagonals whose vertices lie on the curve. In the case of a smooth plane curve, this implies that the curve admits an inscribed square, strengthening a theorem of Schnirelmann and Guggenheimer. “Smooth” means having a continuously turning tangent. We give a weaker condition which is still sufficient for the existence of an inscribed square in a plane curve, and which is satisfied if the curve is convex, if it is a polygon, or (with certain restrictions) if it is piecewise of class C1. For other curves, the question remains open.

§1. Introduction. In this paper, as in [4], we are concerned with integer points (m, n) lying close to the curve

in the sense that

where ║t║ denotes the distance of the real number t from the nearest integer. We shall always suppose that

and that F(x) is at least twice continuously differentiable. Let R be the number of solutions of (1.1) with m an integer, O ≤ m ≤ L. The obvious method of estimating R uses the row-of-teeth or rounding error function

with

We begin by denning the notion of a tangential limit for a function f denned in the unit disc

Let be a positive continuous function on (0, 1) for which

Suppose B>0, -, and define

where The region . makes tangential contact with the boundary U of the unit disc at ei; when (r) = ( l - r2), for instance, (, , 1) is the disc with radius and centre ei

The theorem of Aleksandrov-Fenchel-Jessen states that two convex bodies in n-dimensional Euclidean space En which, for some p l, , n - l 007D;, have equal area measures of order p (see Section 2 for a definition) differ only by a translation. Two independent proofs were given by Aleksandrov 1 and by Fenchel and Jessen 18 see also Busemann 5 (p. 70) and LeichtweiG 25 (p. 319), 26. If the boundaries of the two bodies are sufficiently smooth and of everywhere positive curvatures, then the assumption of the theorem is equivalent to saying that at points with parallel outer normals the p-th elementary symmetric functions of the principal radii of curvature of both boundary hypersurfaces are the same. For this case, Chern 6 gave a uniqueness proof by means of an integral formula.

Oler's lattice-point theorem gives a sharp upper bound for the lattice-point enumerator GΛ of a certain class of lattices in the plane. We give a sharp lower bound for GΛ of the corresponding class of lattices in all dimensions. This result is closely related to the Blichfeldt-van der Corputgeneralization of Minkowski's fundamental lattice-point theorem.

By a well-known theorem of Szemerdi 8 any set of integers that has positive density contains arithmetic progressions of arbitrary length. One might expect that there are conditions of similar generality, under which an integer set contains arbitrarily long strings of consecutive integers, i.e., arithmetic progressions with 1 as common difference. Results of this kind would be of great importance because of potential applications to arithmetically interesting sets such as the set n: (n) = 1, where (n) is the Liouville function, or the sets

where P(n) denotes the greatest prime factor of n and 0< < 1. One naturally expects that such sets contain arbitrarily long strings of consecutive integers, but no results in this direction are known, and the problem seems to be a very difficult one, perhaps comparable in depth to the prime k-tuple conjecture.

Introduction. Polyhedra in 3-dimensional hyperbolic space which give rise to discrete groups generated by reflections in their faces have been investigated in [14], [17], [29] and in the case of tetrahedra there are precisely nine compact non-congruent ones with dihedral angles integral submultiples of π [14]. These polyhedral groups give rise to hyperbolic 3-orbifolds and examples of these have been studied, for example, in [3], [15], [18], [24], [25].

The purpose of this paper is to take some first steps the investigation of the negative moments

where k>0 and 12, and the related discrete moments

where runs over the complex zeros of the zeta-function. We assume the Riemann hypothesis (RH) throughout; it then follows that Ik(, T) converges for every k > 0 when > but for no k = when =. We further note that Jk(T) is only defined for all T if all the zeros are simple and, in that case, Ik(, T) converges for all k<.

The usual definition for vertex-criticality with respect to the chromatic index is that a multigraph G is vertex-critical if G is Class 2, connected, and χ'(G\υ) <χ'(G) for all υ ε V(G). We consider here an allied notion, that of vertex-criticality with respect to the chromatic class–in this case G is vertex critical if G is Class 2 and connected, but G\υ is Class 1 for all υ ε V(G). We also investigate the analogues of these two notions for edge-criticality.

Let Q denote the field of rational numbers, and let p be an odd prime number. Let K be a cyclic extension of Q of degree p, and let a be a generator of Gal (KQ). Let CK denote the p-class group of K (i.e., the Sylow p-subgroup of the ideal class group of K), and let for i = 1, 2, 3, . It is well known that is an elementary abelian p-group of rank tt1, where t is the number of ramified primes in KQ. So we focus our attention on . We let

§1. Introduction. Let two probability spaces (X, , μ,) and (Y, ℬ, ν) be given. For a subset D of X × Y and a real number d ≥ 0 we consider the following problem

(MP) Does there exist a measure » on X × Y having μ and ν as marginals and such that λ (D) ≥ 1 − d?

This problem comes from Strassen's paper [12], where Borel probabilities on Polish spaces were treated. Further, it was investigated by many authors in more general settings (cf. [2], [4]-[7], [11]-[13]).

This study extends earlier work on the characterization of the asymmetry of a section of a typical three-dimensional Brownian path using the moment of inertia tensor about the centre of mass. A new method for determining an upper bound on the ensemble average of the smallest eigenvalue is presented. This work has applications to polymer science, since single chain polymer molecules are often modelled as sections of Brownian paths.

§1. Introduction. In [1], Odoni discusses the iterates of the polynomial x2 +1 and their Galois groups over the rationals (a problem initially proposed by J. McKay). Setting f1,(x) = x2+1 and fn(x) =f1(fn-1(X)) for n ≥ 2, write Kn for the splitting field of fn(x) over and Ωn = Gal (Kn/). Then Odoni proves that Ωn is isomorphic to a subgroup of [C2]n, the nth wreath power of the cyclic group C2 of order 2, and gives a simple rational criterion for Ωn [C2]n to hold. In this note we describe a computer implementation of Odoni's criterion, and state the result that Ωn [C2]n for n ≤ 5 × 107.

Filters and אּ-complete filters can be used to produce set-theoretic extensions of direct sums and direct products. They can be applied to generalize theorems in module theory which involve these. For example, the theorem, stating that a ring is noetherian, if, and only if, direct sums of injectives are injective, can be generalized, provided we replace noetherian by Xa-noetherian and direct sums by אּ- complete filter sums with a suitable property.

The nonlinear interactions that evolve between a planar or nearly planar Tollmien-Schlichting (TS) wave and the associated longitudinal vortices are considered theoretically, for a boundary layer at high Reynolds numbers. The vortex flow is either induced by the TS nonlinear forcing or is input upstream, and similarly for the nonlinear wave development. Three major kinds of nonlinear spatial evolution, Types I-III, are found. Each can start from secondary instability and then becomes nonlinear, Type I proving to be relatively benign but able to act as a pre-cursor to the Types II, III which turn out to be very powerful nonlinear interactions. Type II involves faster streamwise dependence and leads to a finite-distance blow-up in the amplitudes, which then triggers the full nonlinear three-dimensional triple-deck response, thus entirely altering the mean-flow profile locally. In contrast, Type III involves slower streamwise dependence but a faster spanwise response, with a small TS amplitude thereby causing an enhanced vortex effect which, again, is substantial enough to entirely alter the mean-flow profile, on a more global scale. Concentrated spanwise formations in which there is localized focussing of streamwise vorticity and/or wave amplitude can appear, and certain of the nonlinear features also suggest by-pass processes for transition and significant change in the flow structure downstream. The powerful nonlinear 3D interactions II, III seem potentially very relevant to experimental and computational findings in fully fledged transition; in particular, it is suggested in an appendix that the Type-Ill interaction can terminate in a form of 3D boundary-layer separation which appears possibly connected with the formation of lambda vortices in practice.

The existence of inductive limits in the category of (topological) measure spaces is proved. Next, permanence properties of inductive limits are investigated. If (X, , ) is the inductive limit of the measure spaces (X, , ), we prove, for 1 p 221E;, that LP(X, , ) is embeddible into the projectilimit of Lp(X, , ) in the category Ban, for p < , respectively in the category C* in the case p = +. As an application, we exten existence theorems of strong liftings to inductive limits.

§1. Introduction. In this note we shall discuss a certain dichotomy concerning the pointwise convergence of sequences of analytic sets in completely metrizable separable spaces (Proposition 2.1). The dichotomy is closely related to some reasoning due to W. Szlenk [Sz]; we comment on this in Section 5.1.

Let X be a completely regular Hausdorff topological space and let C(X) (the set of all real-valued bounded and continuous in X functions) be endowed with the sup-norm. Let ßX, as usual, denotes the Stone-Čech compactification of X. We give a characterization of those X for which the set

contains a dense -subset of C(X). These are just the spaces X which contain a dense Čech complete subspace. We call such spaces almost Čech complete. We also prove that X contains a dense completely metrizable subspace, if, and only if, C(X) contains a dense -subset of functions which determine Tykhonov well-posed optimization problems over X. For a compact Hausdorff topological space X the latter result was proved by Čoban and Kenderov [CK1.CK2]. Relations between the well-posedness and Gâteaux and Fréchet differentiability of convex functionals in C(X) are investigated. In particular it is shown that the sup-norm in C(X) is Frechet differentiable at the points of a dense -subset of C(X), if, and only if, the set of isolated points of X is dense in X. Conditions and examples are given when the set of points of Gateaux differentiability of the sup-norm in C(X) is a dense and Baire subspace of C(X) but does not contain a dense -subset of C(X).

Ramsey's theorem implies that every function f:0, 1 ℝ isconvex or concave on an infinite set. We show that there is an upper semicontinuous function which is not convex or concave on any uncountable set. We investigate those functions which are not convex on any r element set (r ). A typical result: if f is bounded from below and is not convex on any infiniteset then there exists an interval on which the graph of f can be covered by the graphs of countably many strictly concave functions.