Let E be a real Banach space. The set of all continuous linear mappings of E into E is a Banach algebra under the usual algebraic operations and the operator bound as norm. We denote this Banach algebra by ℒ, if E is a separate Hilbert space.

Let G be a group and let Ω(G) denote the semigroup of all mappings of G into G with the usual composition of mappings as multiplication, namely g(θ1θ22) = (gθ1)θ2.

In 1923 Nörlund [1] considered the difference equation

and showed that the formal solution of (1)

obtained by iteration, although in general divergent, is in fact Abel summable to a solution of (1). He writes the arbitary constant c as

and thus the “principal solution” of the difference equation is

In this paper we show that whether or not a group admits a lattice-order often depends upon whether or not it possesses a set of subgroups that satisfy certain algebraic conditions. Using these techniques we are able to determine large classes of groups that can be lattice-ordered.

Let E be a real Banach space. A mapping f of E into E is said to be bounded if f maps every bounded set into a bounded set.

This paper discusses the relationship between two equivalence relations on the class of finite nilpotent groups. Two finite groups are conformal if they have the same number of elements of all orders. (Notation: G ≈ H.) This relation is discussed in [4] pp 107–109 where it is shown that conformality does not necessarily imply isomorphism, even if one of the groups is abelian. However, if both groups are abelian the position is much simpler. Finite conformal abelian groups are isomorphic.

A group G is called a c-group if each of its subnormal subgroups is characteristic in G. It is the object of this note to give a characterization of finite solvable c-groups.

Let f = f (x1, x2,… xn) be an indefinite n-ary quadratic form of signature s and let m+(f), m−(f) denote the infimum of the non-negative values taken by f and —f respectively for integral (x1, x2,…, xn) ≠ (0, 0,…, 0). Furthermore let f satisfy the condition m+ (f) ≠ 0 and let for some integer k. Then Segré [3] has shown that, for n = 2, f must have determinant det (f) satisfying with equality if and only if f is equivalent under an integral unimodular transformation (denoted ˜) to a multiple of the form f1(x, y) = x2−kxy−ky2, while Oppenheim [2] has shown that, for n ≧ 3, is of the order of k2n−2

Let f = f(x) = f(x1, x2,…, xn) be an indefinite n-ary quadratic form of determinant det (f); that is, f(x) = x' Ax where A is a real symmetric matrix with determinant det (f). Such a form is said to take the value v if there exists integral x ≠ 0 such that f(x) = v.

Salem [1] gave the following criterion for Fourier-Lebesgue sequences .

Denote by E the set of continuously differentiate periodic functions u such that u' has an absolutely convergent Fourier series, and let E1 denote the set of uσE satisfying ∥u∥∞≦1.

In the present paper we obtain first approximation formulae for the regions of dynamical instability of linear canonical systems. These formulae are analogous to the formulae for Hamiltonian systems stated by Krein and Jakubovič [5] and proved by Pittel' and Juzefovič [8]. Special cases were considered by Malkin [7] and Jakubovič [3]. Related papers are Hale [2] and Jakubovič [4]. However, our method differs from the methods used by these authors and seems to us to be both simpler and more general.

Let Σn−0∞an, be a given infinite series and {sn} the sequence of its partial sums. Let {pn} be a sequence of constants, real or complex, and let us write

If

as n → ∞, then we say that the series is summable by the Nörlund method (N, pn) to σ And the series a,Σan, is said to be absolutely summable (N, pn) or summable |N, Pn| if {σn} is of bounded variation, i.e.,