Ziegler studies in [2] the expressive power of (Lωω)t for T3 topological spaces. He defines for every natural number n the set of n-types by induction: . If A is a T3 space, the n-type of a ∈ A is defined inductively by: : in every neighborhood of a there is an a′ ≠ a with tn(a′, A) = α}. These types are (Lωω)t-definable. Then, it is shown that two T3 spaces are (Lωω)t-equivalent precisely if for every n-type α they have the same number of points with n-type α (cf. [2]).

In order to study the expressability of (Lω1ω)t, for T3 spaces, we introduce in this paper the notion of accessible set. Looking at the behaviour of convergence by means of this notion, we refine Ziegler's notion of n-type and introduce a new set Sn of n-types, which are (Lω1ω)t-definable. Then, we prove a characterization of (Lω1ω)t-equivalence for a wide class of T3 spaces. A T3 space A belongs to this class if there is a κ ∈ ω such that, for every n ∈ ω, there are at most κ n-types in Sn which are satisfiable in A. Such a space is said to be of a-finite type. Some relations between these spaces and the spaces of finite type in the sense of [2] are shown in the last section.

The contents of the present paper are treated in more detail in [3].

In [4] Kleene gave a definition of recursive functionals of finite type. Later Sacks [5] and Harrington [2] gave definitions of recursion in normal functionals of finite type. These definitions, that Sacks and Harrington assumed equivalent as far as normal objects are concerned, are nevertheless very different: Kleene's definition is given in terms of an inductive definition; Sacks uses simultaneously a hierarchy (the S σ F's) and induction on the ordinals and on the type; Harrington's universe does not use the induction on the type but uses a hierarchy as Shoenfield [6]. In this paper we prove in detail that, as was expected, the three definitions are equivalent.

It is proved here, assuming Projective Determinacy, that every ascending sequence of -degrees has a minimal strict upper bound but no least strict upper bound. This generalizes a result of Friedman for n = 1.

Our general notation and terminology will be that of [Ke1] and [Mo1]. Letters i,j, k,… denote members of ω and α, β, ϒ,… members of ωω i.e. reals. Projective Determinacy (PD) is the hypothesis that every projective set of reals in determined, while in general for a collection of sets of reals Γ, Determinacy (Γ) abbreviates the statement that every set in Γ is determined.

§1. -degrees. For each m ≥ 1 and α, β Є ωω let α ≤mβ ⇔ α Є (β), α <mβ ⇔ α ≤mβ ∧ β ≰mα, and α ≡mβ ⇔ α ≤mβ ∧ β ≤mα.Clearly ≡m is an equivalence relation on ωω. The ≡m -equivalence class of α Є ωω is called its -degree, in symbols

If d = [α]m, e = [β]m then we define

The Kondo-Addison theorem says that every set A of reals contains a real which is implicit (for short, Imp). Any real which is Imp is constructible, and it is the main purpose of this note to show that a close examination of the usual Kondo-Addison argument allows us to compute (in terms of the ordinals associated with A by the classical representation theorem) where in the constructible hierarchy an element of A ∩ Imp must occur. This result is related to a basis theorem of Barwise and Fisher [1] and is accompanied by a strong counterexample which shows that certain tepid improvements of their theorem (and, a fortiori, of the main theorem in this note) are impossible. As a final flourish, the ‘classifying ordinals’ used to compute the locations of the singletons are themselves characterized using an idea from [1].

C-systems were defined by Cartmell as models of generalized algebraic theories. B-systems were defined by Voevodsky in his quest to formulate and prove an initiality conjecture for type theories. They play a crucial role in Voevodsky’s construction of a syntactic C-system from a term monad. In this work, we construct an equivalence between the category of C-systems and the category of B-systems, thus proving a conjecture by Voevodsky.

We show that from infinitely many supercompact cardinals one can force a model of ZFC where both the tree property and the stationary reflection hold at אω2+1.

We analyze the hereditarily ordinal definable sets $\operatorname {HOD} $ in $M_n(x)[g]$ for a Turing cone of reals x, where $M_n(x)$ is the canonical inner model with n Woodin cardinals build over x and g is generic over $M_n(x)$ for the Lévy collapse up to its bottom inaccessible cardinal. We prove that assuming $\boldsymbol \Pi ^1_{n+2}$ -determinacy, for a Turing cone of reals x, $\operatorname {HOD} ^{M_n(x)[g]} = M_n(\mathcal {M}_{\infty } | \kappa _{\infty }, \Lambda ),$ where $\mathcal {M}_{\infty }$ is a direct limit of iterates of $M_{n+1}$ , $\delta _{\infty }$ is the least Woodin cardinal in $\mathcal {M}_{\infty }$ , $\kappa _{\infty }$ is the least inaccessible cardinal in $\mathcal {M}_{\infty }$ above $\delta _{\infty }$ , and $\Lambda $ is a partial iteration strategy for $\mathcal {M}_{\infty }$ . It will also be shown that under the same hypothesis $\operatorname {HOD}^{M_n(x)[g]} $ satisfies $\operatorname {GCH} $ .

We prove results that falsify Silver’s dichotomy for Borel equivalence relations on the generalized Baire space under the assumption V = L.

If is a pseudo-variety, then a supersimple residually group is nilpotent-by-poly-.

For the Heyting Arithmetic HA, $HA^{\text{*}} $ is defined [14, 15] as the theory $\left\{ {A|HA \vdash A^\square } \right\}$, where $A^\square $ is called the box translation of A (Definition 2.4). We characterize the ${\text{\Sigma }}_1 $-provability logic of $HA^{\text{*}} $ as a modal theory $iH_\sigma ^{\text{*}} $ (Definition 3.17).

We introduce the notion of skinniness for subsets of and its variants, namely skinnier and skinniest. We show that under some cardinal arithmetical assumptions, precipitousness or 2λ-saturation of NSκλ ∣ X, where NSκλ denotes the non-stationary ideal over , implies the existence of a skinny stationary subset of X. We also show that if λ is a singular cardinal, then there is no skinnier stationary subset of . Furthermore, if λ is a strong limit singular cardinal, there is no skinny stationary subset of . Combining these results, we show that if λ is a strong limit singular cardinal, then NSκλ ∣ X can satisfy neither precipitousness nor 2λ-saturation for every stationary X ⊆ . We also indicate that , where , is equivalent to the existence of a skinnier (or skinniest) stationary subset of under some cardinal arithmetical hypotheses.

We present Woodin's proof that if there exists a measurable Woodin cardinal δ then there is a forcing extension satisfying all sentences ϕ such that CH + ϕ holds in a forcing extension of V by a partial order in Vδ. We also use some of the techniques from this proof to show that if there exists a stationary limit of stationary limits of Woodin cardinals, then in a homogeneous forcing extension there is an elementary embedding j: V → M with critical point such that M is countably closed in the forcing extension.

This paper introduces a natural extension of Kolchin's differential Galois theory to positive characteristic iterative differential fields, generalizing to the non-linear case the iterative Picard–Vessiot theory recently developed by Matzat and van der Put. We use the methods and framework provided by the model theory of iterative differential fields. We offer a definition of strongly normal extension of iterative differential fields, and then prove that these extensions have good Galois theory and that a G-primitive element theorem holds. In addition, making use of the basic theory of arc spaces of algebraic groups, we define iterative logarithmic equations, finally proving that our strongly normal extensions are Galois extensions for these equations.

We give several characterizations of weakly minimal abelian structures. In two special cases, dual in a sense to be made explicit below, we give precise structure theorems:

1. when the only finite 0-definable subgroup is {0}, or equivalently 0 is the only algebraic element (the co-strongly minimal case);

2. when the theory of the structure is strongly minimal.

In the first case, we identify the abelian structure as a “near-subspace” A of a vector space V over a division ring D with its induced structure, with possibly some collection of distinguished subgroups of A of finite index in A and (up to acl(∅)) no further structure. In the second, the structure is that of V/A for a vector space and near-subspace as above, with the only further possible structure some collection of distinguished points. Here a near-subspace of V is a subgroup A such that for any nonzero d ∈ D. the index of A ∩ dA, in A is finite. We also show that any weakly minimal abelian structure is a reduct of a weakly minimal module.