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MITI E REALTÀ DEL CARTEL PARTY. LE TRASFORMAZIONI DEI PARTITI ALLA FINE DEL VENTESIMO SECOLO
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 17 July 2018
Introduzione
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In un fortunato saggio di qualche anno fa Daalder (1992) ha avuto facile gioco nell'individuare alcuni dei principali limiti metodologici e sostantivi di gran parte della letteratura sulla crisi dei partiti: l'esistenza di assunti aprioristici e di preconcetti normativi; la tendenza a ragionare in termini di «inesorabili» processi sociali e trend politici; la carenza di approfondite ricerche empiriche in grado di discriminare il peso delle differenze tra periodi storici, paesi, sistemi partitici e tra gli stessi partiti. Inoltre, la retorica sulla crisi dei partiti è stata anche alimentata dalla cattiva individuazione ed esplicitazione dei criteri sulla base dei quali il funzionamento dei sistemi partitici e dei singoli partiti venivano valutati. Così, la sedicente crisi dei partiti poteva dipendere semplicemente dal fatto che si guardava loro enfatizzando oltre misura un particolare angolo visuale a discapito di altri (Daalder 1992; Calise 1992; Mair 1997).
Summary
The article is a critical review of the literature on the classical party typologies and it proposes an in-depth analysis of the most recent ones. After an examination of the cartel party, it deals with the electoral-professional party, the new framework party and the party of professional politicians (all subtypes of the so called postmodern party). The analysis of these different types of parties considers three crucial dimensions (organizational, electoral and institutional) and it takes into consideration also the functional complexity of the political parties. The article deals also on party dualism. Every political party is seen as swinging between the logic of identity, what it is, and the logic of competition, what it does. Different party types emphasize one over the other. Finally the article raises some theoretical and methodological questions. On the one hand, it stresses the relationship between party change and the theory of democracy. On the other hand, it calls for a more detailed empirical investigation of postmodern parties, in order to discriminate more accutately the impact of different historical periods, countries, party systems and parties.
- Type
- Note
- Information
- Italian Political Science Review / Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica , Volume 30 , Issue 3 , December 2000 , pp. 553 - 582
- Copyright
- Copyright © 2000 by Società editrice il Mulino, Bologna
References
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