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INTEGRAZIONE EUROPEA E SOVRANITÀ SOCIALE DELLO STATO-NAZIONE: DILEMMI E PROSPETTIVE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 July 2018

Maurizio Ferrera

Introduzione

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Con la creazione dell'Unione economica e monetaria, i welfare states europei sono entrati in una nuova fase del loro sviluppo ormai più che secolare. La centralizzazione delle decisioni che riguardano la moneta e i saldi fiscali ha eroso in misura molto consistente i margini di manovra sui bilanci pubblici nazionali. A sua volta, il completo dispiegamento delle «quattro libertà» di movimento (dei lavoratori, dei capitali, delle merci e dei servizi) ha seriamente indebolito la capacità dei governi di mantenere il tradizionale monopolio coercitivo su attori e risorse (in particolare, basi fiscali imponibili) che sono cruciali per la stabilità degli istituti di redistribuzione. Queste esternalità destabilizzanti dell'Uem hanno cominciato ad attirare crescente attenzione da parte del dibattito accademico e politico ed alcune iniziative di contrasto hanno preso avvio a livello sovranazionale, in particolare sotto forma di nuove procedure di «coordinamento aperto» e legislazione «morbida» (soft law), emblematicamente rappresentate dalla cosiddetta Strategia europea dell'occupazione (Ferrera, Hemerijck e Rhodes 2000).

Summary

Summary

With the creation of EMU, European Welfare States have entereed a new phase of development. The margins for manouvering public budgets have substantially decreased, while the unfolding of the four freedoms of movement within the EU have seriously weakened the traditional coercive monopoly of the state on actors and resources that are crucial for the stability of redistributive institutions. The article explores these issues adopting a Rokkanian perspective, building on Rokkan's pioneering insights on the nexus between boundary building and internal structuring.

The first part of the paper briefly presents the theoretical perspective. The second part sketches the development of national welfare institutions from their origin up to the early 1970s, discussing their implications in terms of boundary building and internal structuring. The third part discusses the challenges that have emerged in the last couple of decades to the «social sovereignty» of the nation state: challenges that are largely exogenous, but partly reinforced by endogenous developments as well. The final part offers some more speculative remarks of what the author calls «capped sovereignty» for the institutional architecture of social protection, with some hints at cross-national variations and possible developments at the EU level.

Type
Saggi
Information
Italian Political Science Review / Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica , Volume 30 , Issue 3 , December 2000 , pp. 393 - 421
Copyright
Copyright © 2000 by Società editrice il Mulino, Bologna 

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