Diplomatic relations — Diplomatic agent — Ambassador — Acts performed in the course of official duties — Participation in official hunting party at invitation of President of receiving State — Whether constituting performance of official duties — Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961, Article 3(1)

State responsibility — Tort — Acts of State organs — Accidental death of French Ambassador caused by Austrian Ambassador during official hunt in Yugoslavia — Whether Austrian State liable to dependants of victim — Applicable law

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Tort committed outside jurisdiction by State organ — Claim against State — Whether municipal courts have jurisdiction under Austrian Law of State Liability — The law of Austria

Jurisdiction — Personal — Crimes committed by nationals abroad — Whether municipal courts have jurisdiction — Whether prosecution and conviction in State of commission of offence precludes prosecution in State of nationality — Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, Article 36 — The law of Austria

Consular relations — Honorary consul — Immunity — National of receiving State — Driving offences — Arrest following commission of offences — Claim against receiving State for damages — Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, 1963 — Articles 43 and 71(1) — Difference in scope of immunity granted by these two provisions — Immunity under Article 71(1) limited to “official acts” attributable to sending State — Whether covering the driving of motor vehicle by consular officer — Article 40 of Convention — Protection of person of consular officer — Whether including freedom from arrest — Failure of consular officer to furnish proof of identity and status — The law of Austria

Jurisdiction — Personal — Crimes committed by nationals abroad — Theft — Whether courts of State of defendant's nationality have jurisdiction — Condition of double criminality — Law of country of commission of offence only allowing punishment by private prosecution — Time limit for instituting proceedings in country of commission of offence having expired — Whether requirement of double criminality fulfilled — The law of Austria

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Place of commission of offence — Fraudulent use of credit cards abroad having effect within Austria — Whether within jurisdiction of Austrian courts

Jurisdiction — Personal — Crimes committed by nationals abroad — Fraudulent use of credit cards — Whether courts of defendant’s nationality have jurisdiction — The law of Austria

State immunity — Attachment and execution — Whether property in use for sovereign purposes — Jurisdiction claimed on the basis of ownership of property in use for non-sovereign purposes and therefore subject to execution — Embassy, cultural institute and other property — Whether immune from execution

State immunity — Jurisdictional immunity — Distinction between sovereign and non-sovereign activities — Production of nuclear energy — Whether a sovereign activity

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Tort committed outside jurisdiction — Effects within jurisdiction — Whether municipal courts entitled to exercise jurisdiction — Test of whether proceedings in foreign State impossible or unreasonable — Whether proceedings in Soviet Union would automatically be biased or lead to denial of justice

Environment — Action against State regarding environmental damage — Transboundary nuclear pollution — Chernobyl nuclear accident — Whether resident of Austria entitled to compensation for damage to exercise of hunting rights caused by nuclear pollution — The law of Austria

State immunity — Attachment and execution — Whether property in use for sovereign purposes — Jurisdiction claimed on the basis of ownership of property in use for non-sovereign purposes and therefore subject to execution — Embassy, cultural institute and other buildings — Whether immune from execution

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Tort committed outside jurisdiction — Effects within jurisdiction — Whether municipal courts entitled to exercise jurisdiction — Test of whether proceedings in foreign State impossible or unreasonable — Whether proceedings in Soviet Union would automatically be biased or lead to denial of justice

Environment — Action against State regarding environmental damage — Transboundary nuclear pollution — Chernobyl nuclear accident — Whether resident of Austria entitled to damages for injury to health caused by pollution — The law of Austria

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Tort committed outside jurisdiction — Effects within jurisdiction — Construction of nuclear power plant in Czechoslovakia — Threat of nuclear pollution in Austria — Action brought by Austrian landowner against Czechoslovakia for mandatory injunction to prevent construction — Whether municipal courts entitled to exercise jurisdiction — Test of whether proceedings in foreign State impossible or unreasonable

State immunity — Jurisdictional immunity — Action against foreign State for injunction to prevent construction of nuclear power plant — Activities jure gestionis and jure imperii — Whether construction or operation of nuclear power plant is a sovereign activity — Whether classification of activity to be made according to municipal or international law

Environment — Action against State regarding environmental damage — Transboundary nuclear pollution — Nuclear power plant whose operation threatens to damage private property — Whether landowner in neighbouring country entitled to obtain injunction to prevent construction

Relationship of international law and municipal law — Incorporation of customary international law into municipal law — Austrian Constitution, Article 9(1) — The law of Austria

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Tort committed outside jurisdiction — Effects within jurisdiction — Construction of nuclear power plant in Czechoslovakia — Threat of interference with land use in Austria — Action brought by Austrian landowner against Czechoslovakia for mandatory injunction to prevent construction — Whether municipal courts entitled to exercise jurisdiction

State immunity — Jurisdictional immunity — Action against foreign State for injunction to prevent construction of nuclear power plant — Whether foreign State entitled to jurisdictional immunity

State immunity — Attachment and execution — Enforcement of financial penalty against foreign State — Whether compatible with Article IX of Introductory Act to Austrian Jurisdictional Statute (EGJN)

Environment — Action against State regarding environmental damage — Transboundary nuclear pollution — Nuclear power plant whose operation threatens to damage private property — Whether landowner in neighbouring country entitled to obtain injunction to prevent construction

Relationship of international law and municipal law — Incorporation of principles of international law concerning State immunity into municipal law — Introductory Act to Austrian Jurisdictional Statute (EGJN), Article IX — The law of Austria

State immunity — Jurisdictional immunity — Employment dispute — French Consulate in Innsbruck — National of sending State employed as head of visa section — Action for damages for unpaid salary entitlement — Whether France entitled to jurisdictional immunity — Classification of employment relationship according to nature rather than purpose — Distinction between sovereign and non-sovereign activities — European Convention on State Immunity, 1972 — Applicability only where State claiming immunity and State of forum are both signatories

Relationship of international law and municipal law — Incorporation of principles of international law concerning State immunity into municipal law — Austrian Constitution, Article 9(1) — Introductory Act to Austrian Jurisdictional Statute (EGJN), Article IX — The law of Austria

Jurisdiction — Personal — Crimes committed by nationals abroad — Whether municipal courts have jurisdiction — Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961 — The law of Denmark

Jurisdiction — Personal — Crimes committed by nationals abroad — Jurisdiction of municipal courts — Penalty limited to maximum which could be imposed in the place of commission of the offence — The law of Denmark

Sea — Continental shelf — Rights of coastal State — Federal State — Division of rights between federal and provincial governments — Newfoundland — Status

Sea — Continental shelf — Rights of coastal State — Nature of — Position in customary international law — Formation of customary international law — Whether continental shelf concept part of customary law in 1949 — Effect of Geneva Convention on the Continental Shelf, 1958 — Whether proclamation of rights necessary — Nature of ipso jure doctrine — Whether development of continental shelf rights retroactive in effect

States — Federal States — Division of rights between federal and provincial governments — Continental shelf rights — Canada — Newfoundland — Status — The law of Canada

State immunity — Jurisdictional immunity — Waiver of immunity — Interpretation — Nature or purpose of activity — North Atlantic Treaty Status of Forces Agreement, 1951 — United States naval base — Employment of Canadian civilians — Certification proceedings — Whether commercial activity — Whether United States had waived immunity — Requirement of explicit waiver — The law of Canada

State immunity — Nature of immunity — Whether absolute — Position in common law countries — Distinction between acts jure gestionis and jure imperii — Acts of foreign customs officials within territory of forum State — The law of Malaysia

Jurisdiction — Territorial jurisdiction — Application of criminal law — Theft in Tanzania, recovery in Kenya — Whether jurisdiction of Tanzanian courts extends to charge of receiving — The law of Tanzania

International organizations — Immunities and privileges — Headquarters agreement — Jurisdictional immunity — Waiver — African Reinsurance Corporation — Headquarters Agreement with Nigeria — Whether conferring immunity from process and submission to local jurisdiction

Treaties — Treaty between members of the Organization of African Unity and the African Development Bank forming an international organization — Headquarters Agreement between organization and Nigeria — Treaty not enacted into law — Whether employee can rely on Treaty to seek special damages for wrongful dismissal — The law of Nigeria

Relationship of international law and municipal law — Treaties — Absence of implementing legislation — Whether treaty applicable as part of municipal law — Reciprocal Fisheries Agreement between the United Kingdom and the United States, 1983 — Whether Agreement applicable in the British Virgin Islands

Sea — Fisheries — Exclusive fishing zone — Reciprocal Fisheries Agreement between the United Kingdom and the United States, 1983 — Application to the exclusive fishing zone of the British Virgin Islands

Treaties — Effect in municipal law — Whether implementing legislation required — Application to colony — Reciprocal Fisheries Agreement between the United Kingdom and the United States, 1983 — Whether Agreement overrides the Fisheries Ordinance 1979 and the rules made thereunder — The law of the British Virgin Islands