If k denotes a number field and εm is the product of an elliptic curve ε with itself m times over k, then for each prime π where ε has non-degenerate reduction, the zeta factor ζ(επ'S) can be expressed as

Where |π| denotes the norm of π. It is a consequence of a conjecture of Tate [16] that if ε does not have complex multiplications, then the numbers are distributed according to the density function

that is, the density of the set of primes π such that – is

In this paper we examine when a twisted group ring, Rγ(G), has a semi-simple, artinian quotient ring. In §1 we assemble results and definitions concerning quotient rings, Ore sets and Goldie rings and then, in §2, we define Rγ(G). We prove a useful theorem for constructing a twisted group ring of a factor group and establish an analogue of a theorem of Passman. Twisted polynomial rings are discussed in §3 and I am indebted to the referee for informing me of the existence of [4]. These are used as a tool in proving results in §4.

Let S be an inverse semigroup with semilattice of idempotents E, and let ρ be a congruence on S. Then ρ is said to be idempotent-determined [2], or I.D. for short, if (a, b) ∈ р and a∈E imply that b ∈ E. If, further, ρ is a group congruence, then clearly ρ is the minimum group congruence on S, and in this case S is said to be proper [8]. Let T = S/ρ.

Birkhoff and Pierce [2] introduced the class f-rings—those lattice-ordered rings R which satisfy the additional condition that if a, b, and c are positive elements of R and if a ∧ b = 0, then ac ∧ b = 0 = ca ∧ b. They showed that f-rings may be characterized as lattice-ordered rings which are subdirect products of totally-ordered rings.

In this note relations between the structure of a finite group G and ringtheoretical properties of the group algebra FG over a field F with characteristic p > 0 are investigated. Denoting by J(R) the Jacobson radical and by Z(R) the centre of the ring R, our aim is to prove the following theorem generalizing results of Wallace [10] and Spiegel [9]:

Theorem. Let G be a finite group and let F be an arbitrary field of characteristic p > 0. Denoting by BL the principal block ideal of the group algebra FG the following statements are equivalent:

(i) J(B1) ≤ Z(B1)

(ii) J(B1)is commutative,

(iii) G is p-nilpotent with abelian Sylowp-subgroups.

In this paper we shall discuss maximal nonparabolic and maximal normal nonparabolic subgroups of the modular group Г = 〈ω, φ; ω2 =φ3 = 1〉. The modular group may also be defined as the group of fractional linear transformations w = (az+b)/(cz+d), where a, b, c, d are rational integers with ad − bc = 1. Here, a maximal nonparabolic subgroup of Г is a subgroup that contains no parabolic elements and any proper subgroup of Г which contains S contains parabolic elements. Similarly, a maximal normal nonparabolic subgroup is a normal nonparabolic subgroup of Г which is not contained in any larger normal nonparabolic subgroup of Г.

All rings considered will be associative. For a class M of rings let UM be the class of all rings having no non-zero homomorphic image in M. A hereditary class M of prime rings is called a “special class” [see 1, p. 191] if it has the property that when I ∈ M with I an ideal of a ring R, then R/I* ∈ Mwhere I* is the annihilator of I in R, and the corresponding radical class UM is then a “special radical”. Let S be the class of all subdirectly irreducible rings with simple heart.

Let R be a ring with unity and let denote the category of unital right R-modules. A preradical γ of is a functor γ: → such that

(i) γ(M) ⊆ M for each R-module M,

(ii) for f:M → N, γ(f) is the restriction of f to γ(M).

All rings considered here have units. A (non-commutative) ring is right Goldieif it has no infinite direct sums of right ideals and has the ascending chain condition on annihilator right ideals. A right ideal A is an annihilator if it is of the form {a ∈ R/xa = 0 for all x ∈ X}, where X is some subset of R. Naturally, any noetherian ring is Goldie, but so is any commutative domain, so that the converse is not true. On the other hand, since any quotient ring of a noetherian ring is noetherian, it is true that every quotient is Goldie. A reasonable question therefore is the following: must a ring, such that every quotient ring is Goldie, be noetherian? We prove the following theorem:

Theorem. A commutative ring is noetherian if and only if every quotient is Goldie.

Let Ω = H1⊕…⊕Hn be an abelian group of permutations of a finite non-empty set S. If Hi is generated by φi, let sφi(α) denote the length of the cycle of φi containing α. For any function f on S, let A(f,Ω) = (φ ∈ Ω|fφ = f). In Theorem 2 we show that, if for every i ≠ j and α ∈ S, Sφi(α) and Sφj(α) are relatively prime, then A(f, Ω) = A(f, H1)⊕…⊕A(f, Hn) for all f, while in Theorem 3 we prove the natural converse.

The integral

arises in problems of scalar wave propagation in welded elastic wedges. In (1.1), Kim(β1r) is the modified Bessel function of the second kind and m, τ are real. It is shown that Q(τ, m) is a generalized function that includes a complex shift operator. We shall investigate the properties of this operator and establish a new integral transform based on the kernel Q(τ, m).

A generalization is given of a theorem of F. Brafman [1] on the equivalence of generating relations for a certain sequence of functions. The main result, contained in Theorem 2 below, may be applied to several special functions including the classical orthogonal polynomials such as Hermite, Jacobi (and, of course, Legendre and ultraspherical), and Laguerre polynomials.

This paper is concerned mainly with the structure of inverse semigroups which have a partial ordering defined on them in addition to their natural partial ordering. However, we include some results on partially ordered semigroups which are of interest in themselves. Some recent information [1, 2, 6, 7,11] has been obtained about the algebraic structure of partially ordered semigroups, and we add here to the list by showing in Section 1 that every regular integrally closed semigroup is an inverse semigroup. In fact it is a proper inverse semigroup [10], that is, one in which the idempotents form a complete class modulo the minimum group congruence, and the structure of these semigroups is explicitly known [5].

The object of this paper is to redevelop the classical theory of multipliers of Fuchsian groups [16] and to attempt a classification. The language which appears most appropriate is that of group extensions and the cohomology of groups. This viewpoint is not entirely novel [12] but the entire theory has never been based on it before.

Tricomi [2] has shown that if φi ∈ Lpi (− ∞, ∞), i = 1, 2, where 1 < pi < ∞, (pi)–l + (P2)–1 < 1, and if H denotes the Hilbert transformation, that is

where the symbol (P) denotes that the integral is taken in the Cauchy principal value sense, then

This note contains extensions of the Abelian ergodic theorems in [3] and [6] to functions which take their values in a Banach space. The results are based on an adaptation of Rota's maximal ergodic theorem for Abel limits [8]. Convergence theorems for continuous parameter semigroups are deduced by the approximation technique developed in [3], [6]. A direct application of the resolvent equation also enables us to deduce a convergence theorem for pseudo-resolvents.

If X is any set and L ⊂ [ – ∞, ∞]x, the class ℬL of L-Baire functions is defined to be the smallest subclass of [ – ∞, ∞]x which contains L and is closed under the formation of monotone, pointwise, sequential limits, so that ℬL ∍ fn ↗ f or ℬL ∍ fn ↘ f ⇒ f ∊ ℬL.