One of the most important affecting factors on mental health of elderly people residing in nursing home is previous preparing for living in nursing home, therefore this study has been performed to assess relationship between mental health and previous agreement of elderly people on living in nursing home.

A descriptive-Analytical study with aim-centered sampling was performed on 56 elderly people residing on Golabchi nursing house –Kashan-IRAN 2007. including factors were normal IQ, and lack of serious mental disease and Alzheimer .The standard mental health Questionnaire (GHQ28) was used and the scores less than 23 was mentioned as health .some other like demographic factors, family residing in nursing house and …were assessed too. The descriptive statistics and χ2 were used to analyze the data.

There was significant relationship between previous agreement on living in nursing home and mental health (p<%4).the rate of mental health in whom completely disagreed on living in nursing home was 42/2% whereas in whom completely agreed on living in nursing home was 66/07% . There was no significant relationship between mental health with gender, Education, previous job, existence of other family in nursing home .the rate of male and female in this research were 35/7% and 64/3% respectively.

Regards to importance of previous agreement on living in nursing home for elderly people it's a must to prepare them and establish appositive attitude on living in these centers on them.

Although there are studies showing that empathic concern and perspective taking is well correlated with a better outcome of therapy, little is known about the “natural history” of empathy in health care professionals. Within a transversal design, this study attempted to estimate the evolution of empathy components in nurses.

Using Davis's “organizational model”, we administered the Interpersonal Reactivity Index to 127 nursing students and nurses of both genders, working in various medical fields. Spearman's correlation coefficient was calculated for the 4 scores and variables such as age, years of experience, and the medians of the scores were compared for gender, marital status, number of children, number of brothers and sisters.

significant negative correlations were found between fantasy and personal distress scales, and age and years of experience. Women had higher scores of all 4 components. Significant correlations between scores were found as well.

apparently, nurses have different patterns of empathy than doctors (who have shown an increased personal distress over time in previous studies). Women are more empathic and e.

Indicated that the OCD group differed significantly from the social phobia group on generalized self-esteem assessments (p<0.001). Both groups showed a lower self-esteem but there was some evidence of OCD specific effects; depressive cognitions altered significantly self-esteem in OCD patients (p<0.001). Obsessionals were more likely than anxious controls to link their self-worth to other people and their relationships. They also regarded the possibility of causing harm as likely to result in other people making extreme negative and critical judgements of them. The implications for future research and for treatment of OCD are discussed.

Punding, defined as a disinhibition of motor learning programs, may be induced by STN DBS, and its prevalence is much more common than previously suspected. In our sample punding was ego-syntonic, non-disruptive, “cue elicited” and characterized by low craving.

Various psychological, social, genetic, biochemical, factors are to be involved in the etiology of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)(1). Some molecules of free radicals are also found to play role in OCD(2). In the present study, we compared ceruloplasmin and total sulphydryl(SH) levels as antioxidants in the plasma of OCD patients and controls and evaulated the diagnostic performance of those meausures.

26 only OCD, 9 co-morbid OCD patients from Gaziantep University Sahinbey Research Hospital, Psychiatry Clinic, diagnosed according to the DSM IV criteria and 40 healthy volunteer controls were included. Blood samples were collected; ceruloplasmin and SH levels were measured. The mean levels of measures were compared within groups and ROC curves were drawn in order to see the diagnostic performance of biochemical markers.

The mean ceruloplasmin levels in only OCD patients, co-morbid OCD patients and control group persons were 544.46±26.53μmol/dl, 424.43±31.50μmol/dl and 222.35±8.88μmol/dl respectively. The mean SH levels in only OCD patients, co-morbid OCD patients and control group persons were 0.47±0.006μmol/L, 0.48±0.01μmol/L and 0.46±0.003μmol/L respectively. The mean ceruloplasmin levels were significantly higher in only OCD and Co-morbid OCD patients than those of controls. (p<0.01). There were no significance between SH levels of only OCD, co-morbid OCD patients and control group(p>0.01). OCD can be predicted for ceruloplasmin over 342.85 level with %87.5 sensitivity and %100 specifity.

Elevated serum ceruloplasmin levels may play a role in OCD by exacerbating or perpetuating dopaminergic dysregulation as in schizophrenia(3). Ceruloplasmin levels may be used in OCD diagnosis.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) typically begins early in life and has a chronic course. Despite the need for long-term treatment, the information about therapeutic effect on different clinical subtypes is limited.

Continuous out patients with OCD were evaluated for response to a 2months Fluoxetine therapy course by Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale according to the clinical subtype of the disease.

Of 265 patients, Fluoxetine significantly decrease the symptoms in general. Yale-Brown Average score in washers and patients with obsessive thoughts significantly decreased after the intervention, while the decrease in Y-BOCS in checkers didn't reach the statistical significance.

Fluoxetine demonstrated sustained efficacy among patients with OCD and was generally well tolerated. Fluoxetine demonstrated greater efficacy in washers and on obsessive thoughts than checkers.

Clinical research is largely focused on depressive comorbidity in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However in practice, treating resistant or severe OCD sufferes revealed many cases who seem to have an authentic OCD with a hidden co morbid bipolar disorder.

To explore mood co morbidity, a sample of 33 OCD patients were administered structured self-rating questionnaires for major depression, hypomania and mania (DSM-IV criteria), and self-rated Angst's checklist of hypomania and cyclothymic temperament.

The rate of bipolar co morbidity in OCD was notable; 18% of the patients were BPI. Furthermore, the hypomania checklist of Angst showed that 39% had a cut-off score of 10. Analysis of the self-rated questionnaire for cyclothymic temperament showed that 52% scored 10.

Our data extend previous research on « OCD-bipolar comorbidity » as a highly prevalent and largely under-recognised and untreated class of OCD patients.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the emotional burden, psychological morbidity and level of family accommodation in caregivers of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients, according to sociodemographic and clinical factors.

Fifty Brazilian DSM-IV OCD patients and their caregivers were evaluated using the Family Accommodation Scale, the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), the Self Report Questionnaire (caregivers), the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory (patients).

Most caregivers (80%) were aged between 30 and 59 years-old and lived with the patient (88%). Forty-two percent presented a common mental disorder and their mean ZBI score was 28.9. Family accommodation was moderate in 26% and severe or very severe in 24%. Caregivers' levels of psychological morbidity, accommodation and emotional burden were associated with each other and with the severity of patient obsessive-compulsive and depressive symptoms.

The results suggest that caregivers of OCD patients have important levels of burden and psychological morbidity and should receive orientation and support to minimize this emotional impact.

obsessive-compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder is Approximately 2% of the general population. Recent reports suggest that OCP occurs in mensturum, Pregnancy perperium periods. The aim of study determined of onset OCP in women.

in a retrospective study 53 women out patients with OCP metting DSM-IV criteria For (OCP) completed and asked a questionnaire by interview.

Finding showed the in 88.7%(47)of samples onset o obsessive disorder not in menstruation priod.85.4%(41)of obsessive not onset in pregnancy 51.7%(4) of obsessive samples onset of obsessive in second pregnancy.81.1%onest of OCP not beginning after delivery.28.8%after first pregnancy onset once of OCP.30% after delivery had mental disorders.

the menstrual, pregnancy, post partum may be a periods of risk for development or onset of obsessive compulsive disorder. Midwife clinicians caring for women need to be aware of the impact of these symptoms and attention for mental health in women.

The corpus callosum (CC) is the largest interhemispheric white matter commissure connecting the cerebral hemispheres and plays a crucial role in interhemispheric communication and cognitive processes. The subdivisions of the CC were attempted to define corresponding areas of the cortex from which the fibers originate. Previous neuroanatomic studies of the CC provide impetus for investigating its role in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

In this study diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was employed to microstructural abnormalities of white matter of the CC in OCD patients. Nine patients with OCD and matched control subjects underwent DTI. Fractional anisotropy (FA), an index of the integrity of white matter tracts, was determined in the seven subdivisions of the CC.

Significant reduction in FA was found in the rostrum of the CC of patients with OCD compared with one of controls. FA of the other subdivisions except the rostrum in OCD patients did not differ compared with control subjects. Higher FA in the rostrum correlated with lower Y-BOCS scores (r = -0.852, p = 0.004).

The rostrum contains fibers from inferior premotor as well as medial and caudate/orbital prefrontal regions. These results supported the theory of dysfunction of prefrontal cortex and striatal circuits in OCD and suggested the implication of the orbitofrontal circuit for symptom severity in the OCD patients.

Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have been historically considered at low risk for suicide, but recent studies are controversial.

To study the prevalence of suicidal thoughts and attempts in OCD patients and to compare those with and without suicidality according to demographic and clinical variables.

Fifty outpatients with primary OCD (DSM-IV) from a Brazilian public university were evaluated. The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) was used to assess OCD severity, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to evaluate depressive symptoms and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test to assess alcohol problems.

All patients had obsessions and compulsions, 64% a chronic fluctuating course and 62% a minimum Y-BOCS score of 16. Half of them presented relevant depressive symptoms, but only three had a history of alcohol problems. Seventy percent reported having already thought that life was not worth living, 56% had wished to be dead, 46% had had suicidal ideation, 20% had made suicidal plans and five (10%) had already attempted suicide. Current suicidal ideation occurred in 14% of the sample and was significantly associated with a Y-BOCS score of 16 or more. Previous suicidal thoughts were associated with a BDI score of 19 or more.

Suicidality has been underestimated in OCD and should be investigated in every patient, so that appropriate preventive measures can be taken.

Hemodialysis is a very common method to treat the patients suffering from renal failure.Statistics shows about 600 persons under hemodialysis treatment in Shiraz.Chronic diseases lead to limitation in physical activities and change in patients body proportionality.

The Research is an analytic and descriptive study. The sample of research include 72 person:that 24 person of them are between 12-18 and under Hemodialysis treatment and who Reffered to Hemodialysis center of Namazi hospital. Also 48 healthy persons 12-18 years old (24 girls and 24 boys) had been choosen randomely from shiraz schools during one month. The data's was Gathering by (standard test of Tennesy) to determine self concept of adolescent.

Age and sex had no influence on concept points statistically, but on the other hand, compairing healthy and patient subjects were meaningful in different ages and same sex range statistically.The latter matter confirms the the research hypothesis indicating that chronic disease has negative influence on self –concept and the influence is more obvious than other factors such as juvenile education, his(her) parents education, family income, years of the

The present reaserch shows that the juvenile who was under hemodialysis treatment had a self-concept point less than healthy one and there was a meaningful differences between them(p<0.001) .

Memory disturbances found in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) may partially be related to dysfunction of cortico-subcortical circuits. However, it is still unknown how clinical scoring of OCD influences on memory processing.

Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded in a continuous word recognition paradigm in OCD patients with either severe or moderate Y-BOCS scores (group S and group M, each 8) and in normal healthy controls.

Typically ERPs to repeated items are characterized by more positive waveforms. This “old/new effect” has been shown to be relevant for memory processing. The early old/new effect (ca. 300-500 ms) is proposed to be a neural correlate of familiarity-based recognition. The late old/new effect (post-500 ms) is assumed to reflect conscious memory retrieval processes. The OCD group S showed a normal early old/new effect and a reduced late old/new effect compared to group M and the control group, no difference between group M and the control group. Source analyses for the late old/new effect showed statistically reduced cerebral activations in the anterior cingulate for the OCD group S in contrast to for the control group. Additionally, the early old/new effect in the OCD group S was negatively correlated with the Y-BOCS total scores and the late old/new effect negatively correlated with obsession sub-scores.

The severely, not moderately, ill OCD patients showed an impaired conscious recollection of the word memory, which suggested an impairment of working memory capacity in these patients due to a dysfunction in the frontal and cingulated cortex.

Patients with higher scores in CGI presented higher levels of Lp (a) with a linear positive correlation between this variables. These findings could implicate Lp (a) in the increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in PD.

At follow-up a trend toward decrease in Lp (a) was observed, being this reduction higher in patients without agoraphobia.

Future researches are needed to establish whether Lp (a) modifications occur at longer follow-up evaluations.