We describe the case of a newborn girl who displayed association of aortic atresia and interrupted aortic arch, with retrograde flow in ascending aorta, through extracranial anastomoses between vertebral arteries (arisen from descending aorta) and external carotids.

Patients with a significant left-to-right shunt at ventricular level may become inoperable at an early age due to irreversible pulmonary vascular disease. On the other hand, even suprasystemic pulmonary hypertension due to mitral stenosis remains treatable. We report a 24-year-old patient with large ventricular septal defect, severe mitral stenosis and cyanosis who improved after surgical correction of both the lesions. This emphasises the importance of additional post-capillary pulmonary hypertension in Eisenmenger syndrome.

A unidirectional superior cavopulmonary anastomosis was performed on the right side in a patient with a functionally univentricular heart, atresia of main and left pulmonary artery, bilateral superior caval veins, and a patent arterial duct in the right pulmonary artery. Anastomosis of the left superior caval vein to the right superior caval vein created a neo-innominate vein without using prosthetic material.

We report a 3-year-old boy with giant and atypical coronary artery aneurysms in the acute phase of Kawasaki disease, despite appropriate therapeutic intervention, in Noonan syndrome with a novel heterozygous PTPN11 mutation, c. 907 G>A (p.Asp303Asn). We hypothesised that this PTPN11 mutation might affect both hyperinflammation caused by Kawasaki disease and vascular fragility in the coronary artery, resulting in coronary artery aneurysms.

We report on a 14-year-old boy with focal atrial tachycardia. After failure of catheter ablation and medical therapy he received 2 g omega-3 fatty acid supplementation while waiting on repeat ablation. Focal atrial tachycardia disappeared 4 weeks later and antiarrhythmic therapy was terminated. We discuss the antiarrhythmic effect of omega 3-fatty acids on the autonomous nervous system based upon six 24-hour Holter electrocardiographs.

Subtotal tumour resection is used to treat infants with congenital cardiac fibroma and medication-resistant ventricular arrhythmias; however, complete elimination of arrhythmogenic substrates has been unclear. A 4-month-old male infant with congenital cardiac fibroma and ventricular fibrillation underwent subtotal tumour resection and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation. Five years later, angiography revealed impending compression of the left coronary artery. Elimination of the arrhythmogenic substrate was confirmed and the device was removed successfully.

An 11-year-old male was presented with exertional chest pain and was diagnosed with atresia of the left main coronary artery. A stress nuclear perfusion imaging was negative at initial presentation, and a vasodilator stress cardiac MRI was again negative 5 years later. The patient has fully participated in competitive sports for 6 years with no occurrence of cardiac events.

Septum primum malposition defect is an extremely rare CHD and is often found in patients with visceral heterotaxy, particularly of the polysplenia type. We describe a unique patient with dextrocardia, situs inversus totalis, and bilateral superior vena caval veins without heterotaxy syndrome who was diagnosed with an interatrial defect and partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage due to malposition of the septum primum.

Giant coronary artery aneurysms are a complication of Kawasaki disease and can be fatal if associated with thrombosis. We describe the clinical outcome of a boy with Kawasaki disease who exhibited “supergiant” coronary artery aneurysms at the age of 14 months and, despite treatment with anticoagulant and antiplatelet medication, developed a left coronary artery thrombosis and presented following a myocardial infarction at 2 years old. Although his symptoms were minimal, the myocardial infarction was identified by abnormal Q-waves and giant negative T-waves in precordial leads of routine electrocardiography. Intensive anticoagulant therapy combining heparin injections and high-dose warfarin was successful. The abnormal Q-waves and negative T-waves had completely disappeared 2 weeks later, likely in association with confirmed reperfusion. On the basis of prompt identification of abnormal Q-waves by electrocardiography, the patient could avoid thrombolytic therapy and catheter or surgical intervention.

Unilateral interruption of pulmonary artery is a rare congenital anomaly which is usually associated with other congenital heart disease. Even more rarely it may occur in isolation. Most of the cases are incidentally detected in adulthood. Some cases develop pulmonary hypertension for yet unknown reasons; such cases usually present in infancy with right heart failure. Surgical correction in such cases is associated with adverse outcomes. Heart lung transplantation should be considered in such patients. We report a 3-year-old boy with interruption of right pulmonary artery with severe pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure who was considered for heart lung transplantation.

We report the case of a fetus with anamnios sequence and VACTERL syndrome, having a circumflex right aortic arch. Two arterial ducts join anteriorly to form a common vessel that connects to the pulmonary trunk with confluent pulmonary branches. Embryologically, the dorsal right 6th aortic arch did not disappear and the aortic arch development stopped in a symmetrical state with an exceptional “Y-shaped” merged bilateral arterial duct.

Coronary ostial atresia seen with pulmonary atresia and coronary-cameral fistulae or, more rarely, in isolation manifested as left main coronary artery atresia, is well described. We describe the clinical course and post-mortem findings in a neonate who suffered a fatal cardiac arrest and was found to have congenital absence of both coronary ostia in a single/common coronary system.

A 15-month-old child underwent percutaneous expansion of a Melody transcatheter pulmonary valve in the mitral position to accommodate growth after initial surgical implantation during infancy, but transiently decompensated after valvuloplasty owing to stent malformation. The Melody valve in the mitral position of small patients can be further expanded by percutaneous dilation, but there are a number of potential complications and technical improvements to consider.

We present a case of a large left ventricular capillary haemangioma incidentally discovered in a pre-adolescent patient.

We presented a 55-year-old male patient with isolated left ventricular non-compaction who was admitted to our emergency department for chest pain and exertional dyspnoea. He was hospitalised due to anterior myocardial infarction, and during his assessment, isolated left ventricular non-compaction was diagnosed.

Biatrial drainage of the right superior caval vein is an extremely rare cardiac anomaly that generally presents in childhood. We present a case of anomalous connection of the right superior caval vein with superior sinus venosus atrial septal defect and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return in a 5-month-old male presenting with unexplained cyanosis and hypoxia.

An isolated left common carotid artery is very rare, and only 13 cases have been reported thus far. All those cases were accompanied by a right aortic arch and aberrant left subclavian artery, and the connecting vessel between the pulmonary artery and left common carotid artery was thought to be ductal tissue. However, there have been no reports that have followed the natural closure of this vessel. We present a case in whom we could observe the closing process of this vessel at the connection between the left common carotid artery and main pulmonary artery in association with a tetralogy of Fallot.

Troponin levels are often obtained when chest pain is evaluated in the paediatric emergency department. Elevations in troponin levels can be due to different causes, and it is important to fully understand all of these possible causes to help streamline further evaluation and therapy. We present the case of a teenager who had two episodes of troponin elevation in the setting of rhabdomyolysis.