Neurofibromatosis is an autosomal dominant multi-system genetic disorder. Extra-cardiac vascular manifestations of neurofibromatosis have been previously described in many reports. However, coronary arterial involvements have been rarely described. A 17-year-old girl with neurofibromatosis presented to our institute with subacute myocardial infarction. Coronary angiogram revealed an aneurysm with thrombus in the left anterior descending artery.

Nutritional rickets is still occasionally found in high-income countries, especially in populations at risk, and induced hypocalcaemia is a rare but possible cause of dilated cardiomyopathy. Although rare, physicians need to consider nutritional rickets in the differential diagnosis of hypocalcaemia cardiac failure, especially in high-risk populations such as immigrants. Despite being a reversible condition, the prognosis depends on the severity and time of diagnosis. We report two cases of exclusively breastfed infants with congestive cardiac failure due to hypokinetic dilated cardiomyopathy who had completely different outcomes. This report supports the need for prevention of this deficiency and underlies the role of vitamin D supplementation.

Aorta–right atrial tunnel is a rare congenital defect. If it is not treated, critical complications can occur. Surgical closure is the treatment of choice, but with increasing experience in transcatheter techniques and the introduction of new occluder devices the percutaneous technique is now a successful modality for closure. In this paper, we report the case of a 3-year-old child with aorta–right atrial tunnel whose defect was closed with the vascular plug 4 device.

Respiratory syncytial virus is the most common pathogen causing lower respiratory tract infection in infants. Respiratory syncytial virus infection is also associated with a number of extrapulmonary manifestations, including the cardiac system. Pericardial effusion, however, is a very rare occurrence with respiratory syncytial virus infection. We report a very young infant with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis whose clinical course was associated with pericardial effusion, treated conservatively.

Coarctation of the aorta is a rare congenital anomaly usually accompanying bicuspid aortic valve. Adult patients with aortic coarctation can be managed either with surgery or percutaneously. Here we present a case of percutaneously treated aortic coarctation complicated with infective endocarditis of the aortic valve, thoracic aortitis, and thoracic mycotic aneurysm.

We report a case of a child with neonatal Marfan syndrome who was submitted for clinical and surgical treatment with good late outcome 9 years after the first cardiac operation.

Primary idiopathic chylopericardium is a rare disease, particularly in children. We report the case of a 5-year-old male child who presented with cough and dyspnoea. Bulging of the chest wall and distant heart sounds suggested the diagnosis of a pericardial effusion, which was confirmed on a chest computed tomography. Pericardial drainage confirmed the diagnosis of a chylopericardium. After the failure of continuous catheter drainage, surgical ligation of the thoracic duct and the creation of a pericardial window were performed under thoracoscopy.

Isolated cardiac involvement in hydatid disease is very rare. We report the case of a young adult male who presented to the emergency department with acute onset of chest pain and was surprisingly detected to have a hydatid cyst in the left ventricular myocardium. The transthoracic echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis. Cardiac hydatid disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chest pain in young individuals in the absence of conventional risk factors of atherosclerosis.

This case describes the prenatal diagnosis and integrated peripartum management of a foetus with 2:1 atrioventricular block and torsade de pointes due to congenital long QT syndrome. The unique issues related to the detection of intrauterine conduction abnormalities and ventricular arrhythmias, along with the immediate postnatal care, have been described as an interesting teaching case with successful outcome.

Coronary artery compression is a rare and potentially fatal complication after percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation. We report on a case of an acute antero-septal non-ST myocardial infarction secondary to the partial laceration of the conduit and the creation of a thrombus giving an extrinsic compression of left anterior descendent coronary artery after Melody valve implantation.

We report the case of a young woman with continuing haemoptysis, pulmonary atresia, previous shunt surgery, and pulmonary hypertension. She was not suitable for further surgery or for therapeutic embolisation of bronchial vessels. Treatment with tranexamic acid resolved the haemoptysis.

Purulent bacterial pericarditis is an uncommon infection that manifests during childhood, and in the post-antibiotic era Streptococcus pneumoniae is an unusual cause. We report a case of purulent bacterial pericarditis in a neonate caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 7F. Although cases of bacterial pericarditis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae as a causative agent have been reported, their combination in a neonate is unique and this is, to our knowledge, the first case of this combination in the newborn period.

We present pressure–volume loops obtained from two patients with single-ventricle physiology, one with a modified Blalock–Taussig shunt and one with a right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery shunt. The dissimilarities in pressure–volume loop contour and related indices highlight potentially important differences in ventricular mechanics between the shunt types.

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in patients with congenital heart disease have been associated with interruption of hepatic venous return to the lungs. We report a novel technique to improve systemic saturation using a modified covered stent in a patient with unilateral left pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in the setting of a Fontan circulation.