If the rule holds good absolutely that the same generic name should not be used in Entomologya and Botany, then Gracillaria must be dropped in one or the other. I do not know which has priority, but a name of a genus so old and well known as the Gracillaria of Micro-Lepidopterists ought scarcely to give place to an obscure genus of Cryptogamia.

Four new species of the genus Lygocoris Reuter, subgenus Neolygus Knight, are described: knighti and walleyi from Ontario; piceicola, from New Brunswick and Quebec; and atricallus from Ontario and Quebec. Male genitalia are illustrated, host plants are listed, and relationships to other species are discussed.

To mitigate the effects of mosquitoes, settlers in the Revelstoke area of British Columbia reportedly burned the sporophores of the Indian paint fungus, Echinodontium tinctorium (Ell. & Ev.) Ell. & Ev., a pathogen of western hemlock, Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg., and true firs, Abies spp. Larval and adult yellowfever mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti (L.), were exposed to aqueous extracts of smoke (smoke-waters) from E. tinctorium sporophores, and from western hemlock sapwood and heartwood. Smoke-waters were of approximately equal toxicity to larvae. Fungus smoke-water, but not sapwood or heartwood smoke-waters, lost 50% of its potency in 5 months. Vapors from fungus smoke-water were significantly more toxic to adult mosquitoes than those from sapwood or heartwood. Thus smoke from E. tinctorium sporophores and T. heterophylla wood apparently contain different water-soluble combustion products toxic to A. aegypti.

Populations of potato leafhopper nymphs were sampled in two alfalfa fields throughout the summers of 1976 and 1977 in Montgomery County, Virginia. A dichlorvos-carton sampling method was used to collect nymphs from 3-stem alfalfa bouquets. Instars were based on head capsule measurements. The spatial distribution of nymphs generally fit the negative binomial model. Based on this distribution pattern optimum sample sizes were computed. The nymphal population can be reliably estimated within 20% c.v. during most of the alfalfa growth period. Although most variation was shown to be between samples and not between areas in the field, samples should be taken at random over the entire area of the field under study.

In greenhouse tests conducted in moist acid mineral soils, propoxur was highly toxic and fast acting as an adulticide against flies of the cabbage maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Bouché), and many other types of adult insects. Some flies in contact with the surface of treated soil were killed in 30 sec or less. When banded at depths of 1, 3.5, and 7 cm, propoxur moved upward and reached peak toxicity to flies standing on the surface in ca. 5, 20, and 35 days, respectively. Deeper placement of the insecticide resulted in lower levels of peak toxicity. Toxicant from 5 to 10 cm depth treatments was still detectable 6 months after soil treatment. Adulticide tests demonstrated that propoxur could be leached downward by addition of excess water to the soil surface. Under the conditions of tests where flies in cages landed at random on treated soils in miniplots, no toxicity was detected when the surface of the treated soil became air dry.

A single preplanting subsurface application of propoxur banded below the soil surface in field experiments provided all season protection against cabbage maggot infestations during normal to relatively dry growing seasons but was ineffective during abnormally wet seasons.

There exists no biography nor necrology of this excellent entomologist, as far as known to me, though he lived for thiry-nine years in the United States. I am much indebted to Dr. Geo. C. Horn for Zimmermann's notebook which, with his library, came into the hands of the late Dr. J.L. Leconte.

Only a very short abstract of the contents, which are written wholly in German, can be given. The entries begin with Zimmermann's earliest boyhood and end in 1843, followed by a few pages for 1865.

A biotype of the pea aphid was characterized. Two host plants were used: broad bean and pea. It was found that the weight during the development, the survival of adults and their fecundity were better on broad bean as compared to pea.

In an earlier paper (1925, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., LI, 184) brief reference was made to larvae of Platyptilia fragilis in the seed-capsules of Pentstemon cyananthus, one of the common perennials of the sagebrush association. The presence of the larvae in the seed-capsules while feeding is not apparent, although a large portion of the seeds contained therein are eaten.

On page 577 of their great work on the Hemiptera, Amyot and Serville describe two species of Ledra. One, L. aurita, the well-known species of Europe, was characterized from specimens collected near Paris. I have specimens of it now before me. Its size, the broad membranous prolongation of the head, the ear-shaped horns on the thorax, together with other details of structure, separate it widely from any other homopterous insect. The other species described, L. perdita, though equally unique in form, was characterized under circumstances which, for such eminent scientists as Amyot and Serville, seem extraordinary. After a three-line description, they remark: “L'exemplaire unique d'après lequel cette espèce a été figurée, ayant été détruit, nous la décrivons d'après la figure.” Unfortunately, the figure, number five on plate II., is very poor. The species is credited to “Amérique septentrionale.”

Clothes moths are the chief household pests in Vancouver, British Columbia. Two species occur, Tineola biselliella St. the webbing clothes moth and Tinea pelionella L. the case-making clothes moth; the former is uncomfortably abundant while the latter is rare.

The bees now described not only appear to differ from any previously published; but they have been kindly examined by Messrs. Viereck and Titus, and found to differ from all of the numerous species which they have named in manuscript, and will shortly publish.

I have had upwards of 500 examples of the species before me in making these comparisons, most of them bred, but many taken in the field during several years past, since my attention has been attracted to the variation manifested. Many others I have brought together from localities as far apart as those mentioned. And I can well corroborate the words of Drury, applied to tharos, now more than an hundred years ago: “In short, Nature forms such a variety of this species that it is difficult to set bounds, or to know all that belongs to it.”

Final instar larvae of fall webworms, Hyphantria cunea (Drury), were labelled to equilibrium levels on persimmon leaves containing 45Ca. Loss rates of 45Ca from the larvae were followed in the laboratory after either feeding larvae on unlabelled leaves, or starving other larvae.Initial loss-rate characteristics were different in the two feeding treatments, but biological half-lives were not significantly changed. Feeding shifts the time at which the lower loss-rate comes into effect.

In Canada and Its Insect Fauna, Scheller (1979) reported that no species of Pauropoda have been discovered in Canada. However, Hilton (1931) reported collecting “about” 10 specimens of Stylopauropus dawsoni near Dawson in the Yukon Territories. Scheller (1981, pers. comm.) discounts this report because the specimens have since been lost. Pauropods have been recorded from several border states including New York (Hilton 1930), Alaska (Hilton 1931), Michigan (Remy 1954), and Ohio (Williams and Hefner 1928). Starling (1943) reviewed early American records of Pauropoda.

Long-term studies of the biology of bark and cambium-feeding insects have been limited to observations in the field or to rearing methods which present conditions deviating from the natural habitat and requiring considerable labor and material. A simple rearing technique is required which will simulate the normal habitat yet will allow the rearing of a numerous and continuously visible stock of specimens without repeated handling.

Urbanus doryssus (Swains.)

A fresh specimen of this species was observed feeding on papaya blossoms, X-28-44, at Pharr, Texas, by the writer. Two ♂ ♂ were eventually collected near the same spot by the writer, one III-10-45 and the other III-II-45. These two specimens are the first and only ones collected in the United States.