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The artful mind meets art history: Toward a psycho-historical framework for the science of art appreciation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 March 2013

Nicolas J. Bullot  and
Rolf Reber
Nicolas J. Bullot
Affiliation:
ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia. [email protected]://www.maccs.mq.edu.au/members/profile.html?memberID=521
Rolf Reber
Affiliation:
Department of Education, University of Bergen, Postboks 7807, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [email protected]://www.uib.no/persons/Rolf.Reber#publikasjoner
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Abstract

Research seeking a scientific foundation for the theory of art appreciation has raised controversies at the intersection of the social and cognitive sciences. Though equally relevant to a scientific inquiry into art appreciation, psychological and historical approaches to art developed independently and lack a common core of theoretical principles. Historicists argue that psychological and brain sciences ignore the fact that artworks are artifacts produced and appreciated in the context of unique historical situations and artistic intentions. After revealing flaws in the psychological approach, we introduce a psycho-historical framework for the science of art appreciation. This framework demonstrates that a science of art appreciation must investigate how appreciators process causal and historical information to classify and explain their psychological responses to art. Expanding on research about the cognition of artifacts, we identify three modes of appreciation: basic exposure to an artwork, the artistic design stance, and artistic understanding. The artistic design stance, a requisite for artistic understanding, is an attitude whereby appreciators develop their sensitivity to art-historical contexts by means of inquiries into the making, authorship, and functions of artworks. We defend and illustrate the psycho-historical framework with an analysis of existing studies on art appreciation in empirical aesthetics. Finally, we argue that the fluency theory of aesthetic pleasure can be amended to meet the requirements of the framework. We conclude that scientists can tackle fundamental questions about the nature and appreciation of art within the psycho-historical framework.

Keywords

art appreciationcausal reasoningcognition of artifactscognitive trackingdesign stanceessentialismfunctionhistory of artmindreadingprocessing fluencypsycho-historical framework
Type
Target Article
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 36 , Issue 2 , April 2013 , pp. 123 - 137
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

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