Six prehistoric bronze phalerae in the London Museum are published and other examples from Britain and Ireland are discussed. The phalerae are of continental manufacture or inspiration and show contacts with central Germany in Ha B I; Alpine Lake Pillages in Ha B 3; Austria, Bavaria, and Belgium in Ha C. The possible uses of phalerae as personal ornament, horse-gear, and shieldbosses are considere

During 1970–2 three sites on the western defences of the lower Roman and medieval town were examined. The earliest defences, which consisted of a rampart fronted by a stone wall 5 feet (1·5 m.) wide, and a ditch-system, were built in the late second or early third century. At some later date, interval-towers were added to the back of the wall: that at The Park was replaced by a new gateway which was rebuilt in the later fourth century. There was slight evidence that the other gate presumed to lie on the west side of the lower town at West Parade was rebuilt at the same time. North of this, on Mother by Hill, the third-century interval-tower was partially demolished in the fourth century and replaced by an internal platform. There was contemporary thickening or rebuilding of the wall at various other points, including either side of the gate at The Park. At some time in the late Roman period a new wider ditch was dug.

The Roman defences continued substantially in use throughout the medieval period, although the gateway at The Park was no longer functioning. In the thirteenth century the line of the western defences was extended southwards to the Brayford Pool, terminating in the circular Lucy Tower. North of the tower, the new defences comprised a stone wall 7 feet (2·1 m.) wide and a ditch whose size could not be determined.

The excavations also revealed interesting but fragmentary information about occupation within the defences. There were Roman buildings as far south as The Park from the Flavian period.

The results of excavations carried out in 1972 and 1974 and the records of builders' and service trenches over nine years, combined with reports of past discoveries, make up a body of evidence for Kingsholm's use first as a pre-Flavian military site (or sites) of more than one phase covering c. 50 acres, then as a late or sub-Roman cemetery and later as the site of the late Saxon and later aula regis. The archaeological evidence for the palace is supported by an account of the documentary evidence for its history and topography. Specialist studies are offered of the classification and iconography of the decorated bronze cheekpiece of pre-Flavian cavalry helmet and of a furnished inhumation probably of the early fifth century A.D.

The excavations of 1971 concluded the eleven-year programme begun in 1961. Eight sites were investigated in a season whose main emphasis was on the Roman and Anglo-Saxon periods down to about A. D. 1000. The Iron Age defences were examined at Assize Courts North and shown to date to the mid first century B.C. The Roman defences were sectioned at Castle Yard. The Roman south gate was discovered and its development followed from c. A.D. 70. Inside the Roman city extensive areas were examined at Lower Brook Street and Wolvesey Palace. At the former a possible military phase of the mid first century A.D. was followed by urban development c. A.D. 70 which continued down into the fifth century and included a Romano-Celtic temple and a large late third- or fourth-century workshop. At Wolvesey one house was entirely excavated and parts of two others examined. At Lankhills the excavation of the late Roman cemetery was concluded with a further season in 1972. A total of about 450 graves, many of them furnished and ranging in date from c. A.D. 310 to the early fifth century, was examined in 1967–72. A small fourth-century cemetery was excavated at Winnall. Information about the defence of the late Roman town was provided by the discovery of a bastion added to the town wall at South Gate, and by the implications of structures and objects from Lower Brook Street, Wolvesey, and Lankhills. Important evidence for the state of Winchester in the fifth to ninth centuries was recovered from South Gate, Lower Brook Street, and Wolvesey. At South Gate the gate was blocked first by a ditch and then by a wall, probably in the eighth century.

The limestone head from the Bon Marché site, Gloucester, has long been considered one of the finest examples of Romano-Celtic sculpture. A detailed description is accompanied by a discussion of its original architectural context, and the possibility of a Romanesque date is argued. The essential similarities between many simple facial representations of different dates is, however, emphasized.

An account is given of the first stages of the concerted application of archaeological, architectural, and historical methods to the investigation of the church and its surroundings in the village of Deerhurst, Gloucestershire. It is the intention of the investigators to record, and as far as possible to interpret, all stages of development of the building, from its earliest days down to the present, and to link those developments as closely as possible to the life and history of the surrounding district.

The seals used by Duke John IV of Brittany (1364–99) are described. Frequent changes in the four main series are linked to his oscillating political fortunes. It is argued that the symbolism in the designs of some of the seals reflects Breton aspirations to independence from the duke's sovereign, the king of France.