Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T10:19:37.737Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Improved models for runway debris lofting simulations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 February 2016

S. N. Nguyen ,
E. S. Greenhalgh ,
L. Iannucci ,
R. Olsson  and
P. T. Curtis
S. N. Nguyen
Affiliation:
Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College, London, UK
E. S. Greenhalgh
Affiliation:
Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College, London, UK
L. Iannucci
Affiliation:
Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College, London, UK
R. Olsson
Affiliation:
Swerea SICOMP AB, Mölndal, Sweden
P. T. Curtis
Affiliation:
Physical Sciences Department, Dstl Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Numerical models used to simulate the lofting mechanisms of runway stones were developed to assess the threat to aircraft structures from runway debris impacts. An inflated aircraft tyre model, which was validated by comparison with experimental indentation tests, showed that over-rolling of stones under typical take-off conditions led to only modest vertical loft velocities of less than 5 m/s. Experiments using a drop weight impactor simulated a section of aircraft tyre descending upon stones. These tests demonstrated that lofting was achieved for impacts with low rubber thickness. However, for impacts with greater rubber thickness, lofting was suppressed. Using more realistic tyre geometries resulted in launches with backspin, but only horizontally along the ground in the direction of the tyre axis. The speed at which launches occurred was proportional to the rate of descent of the tyre section and would consequently determine the loft speeds due to potential asperity lofting.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Aeronautical Journal , Volume 113 , Issue 1148 , October 2009 , pp. 669 - 681
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Aeronautical Society 2009 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Greenhalgh, E.S., Characterisation of the realistic impact threat from runway debris, Aeronaut J, 2001, 105, (1052), pp 557–570.Google Scholar
2. Nguyen, S.N., Greenhalgh, E.S., Olsson, R., Iannucci, L. and Curtis, P.T., Modeling the lofting of runway debris by aircraft tires, J Aircr, 2008, 45, (5), pp 1701–1714.Google Scholar
3. Nguyen, S.N., Greenhalgh, E.S., Olsson, R., Iannucci, L. and Curtis, P.T., Parametric analysis of runway stone lofting mechanisms, 2009, submitted for publication.Google Scholar
4. Bless, S.J., Cross, L., Piekutowski, A.J. and Swift, H.F., FOD (foreign object damage) generation by aircraft tires, 1983, Dayton University, OH, Research Inst, Defense Technical Information Center, Rept. A913331.Google Scholar
5. Bowen, R., Bleay, S., Greenhalgh, E.S., Lord, S., Mew, A. and Willows, M., Certification of composite structures with impact damage: a review (UC), 1998, CR980550/1.0, Defence Evaluation and Research Agency, Material Science Section, UK.Google Scholar
6. Hadekel, R., The mechanical characteristics of pneumatic tyres, 1952, S & T memo 10/52, Ministry of Supply, London, UK.Google Scholar
7. Olsson, R., Donadon, M.V. and Falzon, B.G., Delamination threshold load for dynamic impact on plates, Int J of Solids and Structures, 2006, 43, (10), pp 3124–3141.Google Scholar
8. Olsson, R., Experimental validation of delamination criterion for small mass impact, 2007, Paper GE223247, Vol 1, Kyoto, Japan.Google Scholar
9. Beatty, D.N., Readdy, F., Gearhart, J.J. and Duchatellier, R., The study of foreign object damage caused by aircraft operations on unconventional and bomb-damaged airfield surfaces, 1981, Report No. ADA117587, BDM Corp Mclean, VA, USA.Google Scholar
10. Taylor, M.J.H., Flight International World Aircraft & Systems Directory, 2002, Reed Business Information, Surrey, UK.Google Scholar
11. Jackson, P., Jane’s All the World’s Aircraft 2007-2008, 2007, Jane’s Publishing, London, UK.Google Scholar
12. Zammit-Mangion, D., Simplified algorithm to model aircraft acceleration during takeoff, J Aircr, 2008, 45, (4), pp 1090–1097.Google Scholar
13. Cheng, A., Discussion of approaches to estimate the aircraft stopping distances under standard operating procedures, 2007, NTIS, DOT/FAA/AR-TN07/21, USA.Google Scholar
14. Kim, B.J., Trani, A.A., Gu, X. and Zhong, C., Computer simulation model for airplane landing-performance prediction, Transportation Research Record, 1996, (1562), pp 53–62.Google Scholar
15. Hallquist, J.O., LS-Dyna Theoretical Manual, Version 970, 1998, Livermore Software Technology Corporation, Livermore, California.Google Scholar
16. Longstaff, S., Experimental characterisation of the interaction between tyres and stones, MEng final year project report, 2008, Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, UK.Google Scholar
17. Ashby, M. and Cebon, D., Cambridge Engineering Selector, 2008, Computer Software, Granta Design, www.grantadesign.com.Google Scholar
18. Cuitino, A.M., Sernas, V. and McAllen, J., Numerical investigation of the deformation characteristics and heat generation in pneumatic aircraft tires. 1. Mechanical modeling, Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 1996, 23, (2-4), pp 241–263.Google Scholar
19. Jones, R., Mechanics of Composite Materials, 1975, Hemisphere, NY.Google Scholar
20. Mines, R.A.W. and Karagiozova, D., Impact of aircraft rubber tyre fragments on aluminium alloy plates: II – Numerical simulation using LS-DYNA, Int J of Impact Engineering, 2007, 34, (4), pp 647–667.Google Scholar
21. GOM Aramis User Manual, 2004, GOM, Braunschweig, Germany.Google Scholar
22. Hachenberg, D., The role of advanced numerical methods in the design and certification of future composite aircraft structures, 2002, Vienna, Austria.Google Scholar
23. Olsson, R., Damocles Task I – Deliverable: A survey of impact conditions relevant in aircraft composite structures, 1998, FFAP H-1353, FFA – The Aeronautical Research Institute of Sweden, Bromma.Google Scholar
24. Watts, R.G. and Ferrer, R., The lateral force on a spinning sphere: Aerodynamics of a curveball, American J of Physics, 1987, 55, pp 40–44.Google Scholar
25. Nathan, A.M., The effect of spin on the flight of a baseball, American J of Physics, 2008, 76, (2), pp 119–124.Google Scholar
26. Chakraverty, S., Stiharu, I. and Bhat, R.B., Influence of aerodynamic loads on flight trajectory of spinning spherical projectile, AIAA J, 2001, 39, (1), pp 122–125.Google Scholar
27. McManus, J. and Zhang, X., A computational study of the flow around an isolated wheel in contact with the ground, J Fluids Engineering, 2006, 128, (3), pp 520–530.Google Scholar
28. Mines, R.A.W., McKown, S. and Birch, R.S., Impact of aircraft rubber tyre fragments on aluminium alloy plates: I – Experimental, Int J of Impact Engineering, 2007, 34, (4), pp 627–646.Google Scholar
29. Hoo Fatt, M.S. and Ouyang, X., Three-dimensional constitutive equations for styrene butadiene rubber at high strain rates, Mechanics of Materials, 2008, 40, (1-2), pp 1–16.Google Scholar