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17169 results in Latin American government, politics and policy

Page 850 of 859

  • 3 - The City

  • P. J. Bakewell
  • Book:
    Silver Mining and Society in Colonial Mexico, Zacatecas 1546–1700
    Published online:
    06 January 2010
    Print publication:
    31 October 1971, pp 41-57

  • Summary

    The authors of the Royal Ordinances of 1573 for the laying out of new towns would have been keenly disappointed if, transported to the Indies, they had been able to survey Zacatecas from the top of La Bufa. Instead of the regular pattern of a grid-iron town provided for by the Ordinances, with judiciously spaced plazas, public buildings and churches, all placed in a fertile hinterland and set about with woodlands, they would have seen a straggling linear settlement, cramped between two hills in a narrow valley. This was the cañada of Zacatecas, a near gully cut by a stream which, for most of the year, ran with negligible current. Looking around, instead of rich arable land, they would have been faced on three sides by rocky hills, whose gently undulating heights displayed little more than sparse patches of thin grass, and as a final flourish of vegetation, stunted mezquite and huizache. On the slopes grew nopal and palmilla cactus to vary the scene. Only if they had looked to the west or to the south-east would they have seen land productive enough to meet the recommendations of the Ordinances, which advised siting new towns in fertile surroundings. On the plains to the west, they might have glimpsed herds of cattle and mules; and to the south-east of the town, along the banks of the stream, and especially on the alluvial flat where the monastery of Guadalupe was later built, orchards and vegetable gardens (huertas) would have met their gaze.

  • David Maelgwyn Joslin (1925–1970)

  • Harold Blakemore
  • Journal:
    Journal of Latin American Studies / Volume 3 / Issue 1 / May 1971
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 February 2009, pp. 1-2
    Print publication:
    May 1971
    • Article
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  • Disunity and Discontent: A Study of Peasant Political Movements in Brazil*

  • Shepard Forman
  • Journal:
    Journal of Latin American Studies / Volume 3 / Issue 1 / May 1971
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 February 2009, pp. 3-24
    Print publication:
    May 1971

  • Peasant movements in Brazil are not a recent phenomenon but have recurred throughout the history of this essentially agrarian nation. The earliest manifestations of peasant discontent were pre-political movements of both a religious and a secular nature. They were primarily local expressions of immediate felt needs, temporary outbursts against misery and oppression. They were largely atomistic movements, confined in time and space, and characterized by a lack of unity and effective communication. More important, they were most often led by social deviants who were generally incapable of expressing realistic social goals which had appeal beyond the local group.

  • A Watershed in Mexican Rural History: Some Thoughts on the Reconciliation of Conflicting Interpretations*

  • Peter Coy
  • Journal:
    Journal of Latin American Studies / Volume 3 / Issue 1 / May 1971
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 February 2009, pp. 39-57
    Print publication:
    May 1971

  • In the short history of anthropology as an academic discipline, polemics tinged with personal recrimination have been a constant feature. One might even be led to suspect that controversy has become a firm technique, in line with conflict theory, so that in the middle ground between opposing interpretations of social behaviour may be found a more acceptable aspect of the truth. ‘Penetrating analyses’, so the aphorism might run, ‘are tempered in the fire of animosity.’ Some protagonists had a positive genius for attracting thinly-veiled contumely and for polarizing opinion, even after they had ceased to be practising anthropologists. Perhaps the best example of this was Radcliffe-Brown, as a perusal of the journals Oceania in 1955 and the American Anthropologist from 1951 to 1956 will readily disclose. This method of advancing knowledge, if we may call it such, did not die with Radcliffe-Brown; it has been used many times since—and the discipline is the richer, one hastens to add.

  • The Division of Some Mexican Haciendas during the Liberal Revolution, 1856-1862

  • Jan Bazant
  • Journal:
    Journal of Latin American Studies / Volume 3 / Issue 1 / May 1971
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 February 2009, pp. 25-37
    Print publication:
    May 1971

  • In the middle of the nineteenth century, ecclesiastical wealth in Mexico consisted basically of real estate and mortgages. The Church avoided investments in mining, industry and commerce. There were regional differences, the Church being richer in some parts of the country than in others: in the two most important cities, Mexico and Puebla, the different ecclesiastical corporations owned about half of the total real estate, whereas in some of the smaller cities, such as Veracruz, Jalapa, Orizaba, Córdoba and San Luis Potosí, the Church was proportionately much poorer. The urban real estate consisted of houses rented on fairly favourable terms to both rich and poor, monastic buildings and churches. In the countryside, the Church was considerably poorer than in the cities: its haciendas were few compared to the number of those privately owned, and their value amounted to about 5 per cent of that of all rural estate. Real estate formed about one-half of Church possessions; the other half consisted of mortgages.

Page 850 of 859