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17262 results in Latin American government, politics and policy

Page 486 of 864

Legislator Success in Fragmented Congresses in Argentina
  • Plurality Cartels, Minority Presidents, and Lawmaking
  • Ernesto Calvo
  • Published online:
    05 June 2014
    Print publication:
    16 June 2014
  • Plurality-led congresses are among the most pervasive and least studied phenomena in presidential systems around the world. Often conflated with divided government, where an organized opposition controls a majority of seats in congress, plurality-led congresses are characterized by a party with fewer than fifty percent of the seats still in control of the legislative gates. Extensive gatekeeping authority without plenary majorities, this book shows, leads to policy outcomes that are substantially different from those observed in majority-led congresses. Through detailed analyses of legislative success in Argentina and Uruguay, this book explores the determinants of law enactment in fragmented congresses. It describes in detail how the lack of majority support explains legislative success in standing committees, the chamber directorate, and on the plenary floor.

The Economic History of Latin America since Independence
  • 3rd edition
  • Victor Bulmer-Thomas
  • Published online:
    05 June 2014
    Print publication:
    10 February 2014
  • This study, now in a revised and updated third edition, covers the economic history of Latin America from independence in the 1820s to the present. It stresses the differences between Latin American countries while recognizing the external influences to which the whole region has been subject. Victor Bulmer-Thomas notes the failure of the region to close the gap in living standards between it and the United States and explores the reasons. He also examines the new paradigm taking shape in Latin America since the debt crisis of the 1980s and asks whether this new economic model will be able to bring the growth and improvement in equity that the region desperately needs. This third edition contains a wealth of new material that draws on the new research in the area in the past ten years.

Asian Slaves in Colonial Mexico
  • From Chinos to Indians
  • Tatiana Seijas
  • Published online:
    05 June 2014
    Print publication:
    23 June 2014
  • During the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, countless slaves from culturally diverse communities in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia journeyed to Mexico on the ships of the Manila Galleon. Upon arrival in Mexico, they were grouped together and categorized as chinos. Their experience illustrates the interconnectedness of Spain's colonies and the reach of the crown, which brought people together from Africa, the Americas, Asia and Europe in a historically unprecedented way. In time, chinos in Mexico came to be treated under the law as Indians, becoming indigenous vassals of the Spanish crown after 1672. The implications of this legal change were enormous: as Indians, rather than chinos, they could no longer be held as slaves. Tatiana Seijas tracks chinos' complex journey from the slave market in Manila to the streets of Mexico City, and from bondage to liberty. In doing so, she challenges commonly held assumptions about the uniformity of the slave experience in the Americas.

  • The Alliance For or Against Progress? US–Brazilian Financial Relations in the Early 1960s

  • FELIPE PEREIRA LOUREIRO
  • Journal:
    Journal of Latin American Studies / Volume 46 / Issue 2 / May 2014
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    29 April 2014, pp. 323-351
    Print publication:
    May 2014

  • This paper analyses the role played by US economic assistance during the administrations of Jânio Quadros and João Goulart in Brazil (1961–4). It focuses on the negotiation and implementation of financial agreements associated with the Alliance for Progress, President Kennedy's aid programme for Latin America. It demonstrates that the Alliance had a positive impact during Quadros' administration, providing substantial resources to the country and placing economic growth ahead of economic stabilisation as the principal criterion for aid. Circumstances changed, however, when João Goulart became president, resulting in serious funding constraints. The paper suggests that the main reason for this was political, specifically regarding Washington's perception of Goulart's links with communist groups.

  • The Limits of Judicial Independence: A Model with Illustration from Venezuela under Chávez

  • MATTHEW M. TAYLOR
  • Journal:
    Journal of Latin American Studies / Volume 46 / Issue 2 / May 2014
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    29 April 2014, pp. 229-259
    Print publication:
    May 2014

  • This paper presents a heuristic model of judicial independence that illustrates how it is that changes in de facto judicial independence may occur, even in the absence of overt institutional changes in de jure protections. The model is illustrated by the marked decline in the independence of Venezuela's high court between 1998 and 2010, under President Hugo Chávez. Focusing on the trade-off that courts face between jurisprudential change and policy change, the paper demonstrates how courts – even those that closely mirror the executive branch's policy preferences – may enter into conflict with dominant executives, and find their judicial independence restricted by informal means.

Page 486 of 864