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17240 results in Latin American government, politics and policy

Page 432 of 862

Social Policy Expansion in Latin America
  • Candelaria Garay
  • Published online:
    26 January 2017
    Print publication:
    29 December 2016
  • Throughout the twentieth century, much of the population in Latin America lacked access to social protection. Since the 1990s, however, social policy for millions of outsiders - rural, informal, and unemployed workers and dependents - has been expanded dramatically. Social Policy Expansion in Latin America shows that the critical factors driving expansion are electoral competition for the vote of outsiders and social mobilization for policy change. The balance of partisan power and the involvement of social movements in policy design explain cross-national variation in policy models, in terms of benefit levels, coverage, and civil society participation in implementation. The book draws on in-depth case studies of policy making in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico over several administrations and across three policy areas: health care, pensions, and income support. Secondary case studies illustrate how the theory applies to other developing countries.

Institutions on the Edge
  • The Origins and Consequences of Inter-Branch Crises in Latin America
  • Gretchen Helmke
  • Published online:
    20 January 2017
    Print publication:
    30 January 2017
  • Why does institutional instability pervade the developing world? Examining contemporary Latin America, Institutions on the Edge develops and tests a novel argument to explain why institutional crises emerge, spread, and repeat in some countries, but not in others. The book draws on formal bargaining theories developed in the conflict literature to offer the first unified micro-level account of inter-branch crises. In so doing, Helmke shows that concentrating power in the executive branch not only fuels presidential crises under divided government, but also triggers broader constitutional crises that cascade on to the legislature and the judiciary. Along the way, Helmke highlights the importance of public opinion and mass protests, and elucidates the conditions under which divided government matters for institutional instability.

Rebelocracy
  • Social Order in the Colombian Civil War
  • Ana Arjona
  • Published online:
    20 January 2017
    Print publication:
    07 December 2016
  • Conventional wisdom portrays war zones as chaotic and anarchic. In reality, however, they are often orderly. This work introduces a new phenomenon in the study of civil war: wartime social order. It investigates theoretically and empirically the emergence and functioning of social order in conflict zones. By theorizing the interaction between combatants and civilians and how they impact wartime institutions, the study delves into rebel behavior, civilian agency and their impact on the conduct of war. Based on years of fieldwork in Colombia, the theory is tested with qualitative and quantitative evidence on communities, armed groups, and individuals in conflict zones. The study shows how armed groups strive to rule civilians, and how the latter influence the terms of that rule. The theory and empirical results illuminate our understanding of civil war, institutions, local governance, non-violent resistance, and the emergence of political order.

  • Women and Legal Pluralism: Lessons from Indigenous Governance Systems in the Andes

  • RACHEL SIEDER, ANNA BARRERA
  • Journal:
    Journal of Latin American Studies / Volume 49 / Issue 3 / August 2017
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    16 January 2017, pp. 633-658
    Print publication:
    August 2017
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  • The shift towards legally plural multicultural and pluri-national citizenship regimes in the Andes formally recognised indigenous peoples’ community-based governance systems. These tend to emphasise participation, deliberation and service to the collective, but are often criticised for discriminating against women. We argue that recent constitutional reforms and legislation combining recognition of collective rights claims with institutional guarantees for gender equality have in fact amplified indigenous women's different strategies of ‘negotiating with patriarchy’, allowing them to further the transformation of their organisations and ‘custom’. Such strategies are necessary because of the intersections of race, class and gendered exclusions that indigenous women experience, and possible because of the diverse and dynamic nature of community governance systems. Despite systemic and structural constraints on the guarantee of indigenous peoples’ rights, the actions of organised indigenous women over the last two decades point to new ways of imagining more plural, less patriarchal forms of citizenship.

  • LAS volume 49 issue 1 Cover and Front matter

  • Journal:
    Journal of Latin American Studies / Volume 49 / Issue 1 / February 2017
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    09 January 2017, pp. f1-f5
    Print publication:
    February 2017
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Page 432 of 862