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51855 results in International relations and international organisations

Page 528 of 2593

  • LAP volume 63 issue 4 Cover and Front matter

  • Journal:
    Latin American Politics and Society / Volume 63 / Issue 4 / November 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    21 December 2021, pp. f1-f4
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  • Cuba in Transition: Perspectives on Reform, Continuity, and Culture

  • Rubrick Biegon
  • Journal:
    Latin American Politics and Society / Volume 63 / Issue 4 / November 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    21 December 2021, pp. 146-155
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  • Plebiscites: a tool for dictatorship

  • Alberto Penadés, Sergio Velasco
  • Journal:
    European Political Science Review / Volume 14 / Issue 1 / February 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    17 December 2021, pp. 74-93

  • The comparative study of authoritarianism has neglected plebiscites, and the comparative study of referendums tends to see in them a form of direct democracy regardless of the regime. We conceptualize dictatorial plebiscites as a genuine authoritarian tool, as part of a repressive strategy with the objective of hindering internal regime rivals and discouraging the coordination of the external opposition. We provide empirical evidence from dictatorships for the period 1946–2008 that is compatible with our expectations.

  • Cabinet Composition, Collegiality, and Collectivity: Examining Patterns in Cabinet Committee Structure

  • Kenny William Ie
  • Journal:
    European Political Science Review / Volume 14 / Issue 1 / February 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    17 December 2021, pp. 115-133

  • This article examines one arena of decision-making in cabinet government: cabinet committees. It assesses the relationship between the composition of cabinets – their party make-up – and the structure of cabinet committees. Cabinet committees are groups of ministers tasked with specific policy or coordination responsibilities and can be important mechanisms of policymaking and cabinet management. Thus, the structure of committees informs our understanding of how cabinets differ in their distributions of policy influence among ministers and parties, a central concern in parliamentary government. We investigate two such dimensions: collegiality – interaction among ministers – and collectivity, the (de)centralization of influence. We find that cabinet committees in coalitions are significantly more collegial, on average, than single-party cabinets, though this is driven by minority coalitions. At the same time, influence within cabinet committees is less collectively distributed in most types of coalitions than in single-party cabinets.

Air Power in the Age of Primacy
  • Air Warfare since the Cold War
  • Edited by Phil Haun, Colin Jackson, Tim Schultz
  • Published online:
    16 December 2021
    Print publication:
    16 December 2021
  • Since the end of the Cold War the United States and other major powers have wielded their air forces against much weaker state and non-state actors. In this age of primacy, air wars have been contests between unequals and characterized by asymmetries of power, interest, and technology.  This volume examines ten contemporary wars where air power played a major and at times decisive role. Its chapters explore the evolving use of unmanned aircraft against global terrorist organizations as well as more conventional air conflicts in Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Iraq, Lebanon, Libya, Yemen, Syria, and against ISIS. Air superiority could be assumed in this unique and brief period where the international system was largely absent great power competition. However, the reliable and unchallenged employment of a spectrum of manned and unmanned technologies permitted in the age of primacy may not prove effective in future conflicts.

The Three Ages of International Commercial Arbitration
  • Mikaël Schinazi
  • Published online:
    16 December 2021
    Print publication:
    16 December 2021
  • Drawing on a wide range of previously unpublished sources, this unique history of international commercial arbitration in the modern era identifies three periods in its development: the Age of Aspirations (c. 1780–1920), the Age of Institutionalization (1920s–1950s), and the Age of Autonomy (1950s–present). Mikaël Schinazi analyzes the key features of each period, arguing that the history of international commercial arbitration has oscillated between moments of renewal and anxiety. During periods of renewal, new approaches, instruments, and institutions were developed to carry international commercial arbitration forward. These developments were then reined in during periods of anxiety, for fear that international arbitration might be overstepping its bounds. The resulting tension between renewal and anxiety is a key thread running through the evolution of international commercial arbitration. This book fills a key gap in the scholarship for anyone interested in the fields of international arbitration, legal history, and international law.

  • 2 - Introduction to the Age of Aspirations

  • from Part I - The Age of Aspirations
  • Mikaël Schinazi
  • Book:
    The Three Ages of International Commercial Arbitration
    Published online:
    16 December 2021
    Print publication:
    16 December 2021, pp 31-41

  • Summary

    This chapter is divided into two sections. The first provides an overview of the Age of Aspirations, from approximately the 1780s to the 1920s. This period was marked by an intense exploration of arbitration in all its forms. In private relations, arbitration was commonly used to settle commercial disputes, for example through the many trade associations in Europe. In the public arena, when used among states, arbitration was seen as a way of fostering peace and stability. The Age of Aspirations lasted until the 1920s, when arbitral institutions were founded, the importance of merchants and statesmen yielded to that of members of these arbitral institutions, and various efforts were made to recognize the validity of arbitration clauses. The second section of this chapter is more theoretical and looks at how a history of international commercial arbitration may be written. It explores various historical methods and approaches, and draws attention to methodological pitfalls that may be encountered when studying the history of international arbitration, especially its distant origins.

  • 3 - Signing the RCEP As a Milestone

  • Pasha L. Hsieh, Singapore Management University
  • Book:
    New Asian Regionalism in International Economic Law
    Published online:
    03 December 2021
    Print publication:
    16 December 2021, pp 67-100

  • Summary

    The chapter explains the evolution of the RCEP and argues that this mega-FTA serves as a milestone for new Asian regionalism. It discusses how the RCEP benefits the legal and political agendas of ASEAN and China and analyzes India’s decision to withdraw from RCEP negotiations in 2019. The chapter sheds light on the RCEP’s role in consolidating rules of origin, regulations services, as well as arguably weaker provisions on investment protection, government procurement and electronic commerce (e-commerce). A comparative analysis is based on contemporary agreements such as ASEAN Plus One FTAs and the CPTPP. Lastly, the chapter assesses the systemic impact of the RCEP on regional and global trading systems. Prospective normative conflicts due to overlapping agreements and the institutionalization of the RCEP Secretariat will be of significance to world trade law.

Page 528 of 2593