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51855 results in International relations and international organisations

Page 516 of 2593

  • 1 - The EU and China in a Changing International Environment

  • Julia Gurol, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Germany
  • Book:
    The EU-China Security Paradox
    Published by:
    Bristol University Press
    Published online:
    15 September 2022
    Print publication:
    06 January 2022, pp 1-15

  • Summary

    Introduction

    Few international actors are presently under such scrutiny as the EU and China. They are undoubtedly two of the most decisive actors in current world politics. As COVID-19 continues to ravage economies globally and with major powers such as the United States finding solace in increased protectionism, more eyes are on the EU and China when it comes to shaping international politics. Yet their relationship with each other is all but straightforward and both struggle with defining their respective roles. China is an important partner for the EU on climate protection and other issues of global governance. However, it is also a competitor in trade and technology and even a systemic rival on issues of governance, values and multilateralism (European Commission, 2019a). It is therefore not surprising that the overall EU–China relationship struggles between efficacious collaboration on the one hand, and profound challenges and recurring skirmishes on the other. In times of a constantly changing international environment, the global pandemic and uncertainty concerning the development of US foreign policy under the administration of Joe Biden, EU–China relations face an uncertain future that is vastly determined by broader geoeconomic and geopolitical developments.

    Strikingly, it is the security realm in which the EU and China often manage to set aside contradicting ideological and normative motivations, and establish cooperation against all odds. Although economy, trade and investment policies are still the main drivers of their relationship, security has developed into one of the most vital pillars of EU–China relations. While the economy still dominates the EU–China agenda, the security realm is all but tenuous. Instead, it has risen in significance over time and now complements the economic and political pillars of the bilateral relationship, not only because of the deepening economy–security nexus, but also because of the rise of transnational security challenges such as climate and energy security, maritime security, and food security that equally affect the EU and China. Since 2003, there have been an increasing number of attempts by the EU and China to set their security policies on common ground. This is puzzling as the EU and China follow very different approaches to key principles of foreign and security policy and of interstate relations. Their stances on questions of sovereignty, territorial integrity and non-interference often are diametrically opposed.

  • 8 - EU–China Relations on Climate and Energy Security

  • Julia Gurol, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Germany
  • Book:
    The EU-China Security Paradox
    Published by:
    Bristol University Press
    Published online:
    15 September 2022
    Print publication:
    06 January 2022, pp 116-136

  • Summary

    Introduction

    While climate security implies that climate-related alterations create risks in society that endanger the security of human beings, ecosystems, the economy and infrastructure, energy security is the association between the availability of energy resources of all kinds and national security. It entails topics like diversification of oil and gas supplies, offshore oil and gas safety, and critical infrastructure (European Commission, 2019b). While there has been a considerable amount of scholarly work on the politics of climate change and energy security as separate issues (Toke and Vezirgiannidou, 2013), sometimes measures to ensure climate security can contradict initiatives to ensure energy security (Chalvatzis and Hooper, 2009). Other scholars argue that both can be achieved through similar policies (Brown and Huntington, 2008). Climate security and energy security are both global concerns and energy accounts for around 60 per cent of emissions globally. Thus, the two issues are closely related. Another reason, why climate and energy security are examined together in this book is that in China, the two are inseparably linked (Wu et al, 2012; IEA, 2019). Moreover, both issues feature prominently on the agenda of EU–China relations (Holzer and Zhang, 2008). Due to their strong dependence on fossil fuel supplies, the EU and China are vulnerable to energy security problems, and the large carbon footprint of their energy sectors is a climate concern (Espa, 2018).

    Furthermore, China is the largest and the EU is the third-largest emitter of carbon dioxide (CO2), together accounting for around one-third of all energy-related CO2 emissions worldwide (IEA, 2015; European Commission, 2016b). China has been the world's largest energy consumer since 2011 and is projected to account for 22 per cent of global energy consumption by 2040, according to the BP Energy Outlook (BP Energy Economics, 2019). In addition, China became the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases (GHG) in 2006, surpassing the US (Schreurs, 2016). By 2014, it accounted for about 29.7 per cent of global CO2 emissions (Torney and Gippner, 2018). According to the country's latest carbon ‘inventory’ submitted to the UN in 2019, China's GHG emissions hit 12.3 billion tonnes in 2014, rising by around 53.5 per cent in just a decade (CNBC, 2019).

  • 3 - The EU’s and China’s Foreign and Security Policy Principles

  • Julia Gurol, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Germany
  • Book:
    The EU-China Security Paradox
    Published by:
    Bristol University Press
    Published online:
    15 September 2022
    Print publication:
    06 January 2022, pp 38-48

  • Summary

    Introduction

    The EU and China are undoubtedly very different actors in terms of their founding ideals, their normative moralities and aspirations, and the roots of their foreign and security principles. However, both are relatively new players on the international stage, both build on primarily economic integration and interests and have ‘deeply ingrained preferences’ (Christiansen et al, 2019, p 3) for economic wealth, stability and prosperity. To understand why it is so striking that the EU and China cooperate in the security realm, it is crucial to grasp the underlying principles on which they each base their foreign and security policymaking.

    At first glance, the difference is evident: the EU is arguably a very normative actor – in terms of both its self-conception as well as how it is seen by others. It has by and large been described as a ‘normative power’ (Manners, 2002, p 253; Aggestam, 2008) striving for rules-based action and institution-building rather than ad hoc decision-making and interestbased politics. In the famous words of Ian Manners, the EU possesses ‘the ability to define what passes for normal in world politics’ (Manners, 2002, p 242). Values such as democracy, rule of law and human rights are thus at the core of the EU's identity. This reading neatly aligns with how the EU tends to understand its own role on the international stage, following in its policymaking an inherent logic of appropriateness (Onuf, 1985; Kratochwil and Ruggie, 1986; Wendt, 1992). Accordingly, the EU can be understood as a ‘rule-maker’ or ‘norm-maker’ in world politics (Björkdahl, 2005). Although this role has been increasingly contested in the past decade (Diez, 2013; Acharya, 2016) both through internal skirmishes among EU member states as well as by external challenges on the level of international politics (Gurol and Rodríguez, 2020), the EU's foreign and security policy can still be understood, above all, as one that prioritizes normativity (Eriksen, 2014; Keukeleire and Delreux, 2014; Sjursen and Rosén, 2017).

    China, in contrast, is most commonly considered an inherently pragmatic and rationalist actor, following a logic of consequentialism. Its foreign policy model appears to be opposed to the normative prioritizations of the EU and to put a downright pragmatic approach to the forefront.

China Risen?
  • Studying Chinese Global Power
  • Shaun Breslin
  • Published by:
    Bristol University Press
    Published online:
    05 January 2022
    Print publication:
    18 February 2021
  • Drawing on an extensive range of Chinese-language debates and discussions, this book explains the roles of different actors and interests in Chinese international interactions, and how they influence the nature of Chinese strategies for global change.

  • Perdonar sin olvidar: El difícil proceso de paz en Colombia a través del documental

  • Paul A. Schroeder Rodríguez
  • Journal:
    Latin American Research Review / Volume 56 / Issue 1 / 09 March 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 January 2022, pp. 233-241
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  • Este ensayo reseña las siguientes películas:

    Ciro y yo. Dir. Miguel Salazar. Prod. La Esperanza. Colombia, 2018, 117 min. Distribuido por Pragda (pragda.com).

    Fragmentos. Dir. Mayte Carrasco. Prod. Photoholic y Big Story Films. Colombia, Canadá, Reino Unido, 2019, 23 min. Disponible a través del Canal de YouTube del Museo Nacional de Colombia, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d7rAb2O0JV8.

    Limbo. Dir. Alex Fattal. Prod. Break the Frame Films y Casatarántula. Colombia-EEUU, 2020. Distribuido por Cinema Guild (cinemaguild.com).

    El silencio de los fusiles. Dir. Natalia Orozco. Prod. NCN Televisión, Pulso Mundo y Arte Francia. Colombia, Francia, 2017, 120 min. DVD. Disponible en www.silenciofusiles.com.

    El testigo: Caín y Abel. Dir. Kate Horne. Prod. Pacha Films, Horne Productions y Ronachan Films. Colombia, Reino Unido, 2018, 72 min. Disponible en Netflix.

  • Blood, Nation, Science, and Language: Essentializing Race from the Sixteenth Century to the Present

  • Nancy P. Appelbaum
  • Journal:
    Latin American Research Review / Volume 55 / Issue 2 / 23 June 2020
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 January 2022, pp. 352-359
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  • This essay reviews the following works:

    The Cultural Politics of Blood, 1500–1900. Edited by Kimberly Anne Coles, Ralph Bauer, Zita Nunes, and Carla L. Peterson. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. Pp. vii + 274. $95.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781137338204.

    Speaking of Spain: The Evolution of Race and Nation in the Hispanic World. By Antonio Feros. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2017. Pp. ix + 370. $45.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780674045514.

    Theorizing Race in the Americas: Douglass, Sarmiento, Du Bois, and Vasconcelos. By Juliet Hooker. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017. Pp. ix + 280. $53.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780190633691.

    The Science and Politics of Race in Mexico and the United States, 1910–1950. By Karin Alejandra Rosemblatt. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2018. Pp xii + 255. $29.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781469636405.

    Race and the Brazilian Body: Blackness, Whiteness, and Everyday Language in Rio de Janeiro. By Roth-Gordon Jennifer. Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 2017. Pp. ix + 248. $27.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780520293809.

    Degrees of Mixture, Degrees of Freedom: Genomics, Multiculturalism, and Race in Latin America. By Peter Wade. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2017. Pp. vii + 344. $27.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780822363736.

  • Distorsión y silencio en el Lienzo de Tlaxcala (1892) de Alfredo Chavero: Notas metodológicas

  • Jannette Amaral-Rodríguez
  • Journal:
    Latin American Research Review / Volume 55 / Issue 2 / 23 June 2020
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 January 2022, pp. 322-337
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  • La Descripción de la ciudad y provincia de Tlaxcala (1581–1585), un manuscrito tlaxcalteco que contiene imágenes homólogas al Lienzo de Tlaxcala (del que solo existen copias pero no el original), fue encontrado en 1976 y publicado en tres ediciones y reimpresiones modernas a partir de 1981. Aunque este manuscrito del siglo XVI ofrece imágenes auténticas al investigador, la práctica corriente sigue siendo la consulta o uso asiduos de las imágenes del Lienzo de Tlaxcala publicado por Alfredo Chavero en 1892. Como intervención ante estas prácticas metodológicas, y tomando como punto de partida el contexto ideológico de producción de la copia del Lienzo de Tlaxcala publicada por Alfredo Chavero, este artículo identifica y examina una diferencia fundamental entre ambos códices no discutida por expertos hasta ahora: una reformulación del discurso tlaxcalteca de conquista por intelectuales del Porfiriato que silencia o borra aspectos fundamentales de la narración histórica tlaxcalteca según presentada en el siglo XVI. Finalmente, este trabajo argumenta que nuestro Lienzo de Tlaxcala del siglo XVI es la Descripción de la ciudad y provincia de Tlaxcala y que la edición de Chavero responde, más bien, a los proyectos nacionalistas y propagandistas del estado moderno mexicano durante el Porfiriato.

  • The Melodrama Machine

  • Ilan Stavans
  • Journal:
    Latin American Research Review / Volume 56 / Issue 1 / 09 March 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 January 2022, pp. 269-277
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  • This essay reviews the following works:

    Reimagining Brazilian Television: Luiz Fernando Carvalho’s Contemporary Vision. By Eli Lee Carter. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2018. Pp. x + 286. $28.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780822964988.

    Frontera Verde. By Jenny Ceballos, Mauricio Leiva-Cock, and Diego Ramírez-Schrempp. Netflix, 2019. 8 episodes.

    Foundational Films: Early Cinema and Modernity in Brazil. By Maite Conde. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2018. Pp. xiii + 306. $34.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780520290990.

    Mock Classicism: Latin American Film Comedy, 1930–1960. By Nilo Couret. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2018. Pp. xi + 279. $34.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780520296855.

    Roma. Written and directed by Alfonso Cuarón. Netflix, 2018.

    Latin American Film Industries. By Tamara L. Falicov. London: Bloomsbury and British Film Institute, 2019. Pp. ix + 193. $31.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781844573103.

    Cosmopolitan Film Cultures in Latin America, 1896–1960. Edited by Rielle Navitski and Nicolas Poppe. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2017. Pp. xi + 376. $38.00 paperback. ISBN: 9780253026460.

    Channeling the State: Community Media and Popular Politics in Venezuela. By Naomi Schiller. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2018. Pp. xiv + 275. $26.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781478001447.

    Bolívar. By Juana Uribe, María Clara Torres, Ricardo Aponte, and Leonor Sardi. Directed by Luis Alberto Restrepo, Andrés Beltrán, and Jaime Rayo. Netflix-Caracol Internacional, 2019. 63 episodes.

    Capitán Latinoamérica: Superheroes in Cinema, Television, and Web Series. By Vinodh Venkatesh. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2020. Pp. xiii + 261. $95.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781438480152.

  • The Salience and Pervasiveness of the Literary Figure of the Jew in Latin America: From Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz to Jorge Luis Borges

  • Dalia Wassner
  • Journal:
    Latin American Research Review / Volume 54 / Issue 2 / 25 June 2019
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 January 2022, pp. 398-412
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  • Jews of Latin America, from the colonial period to the present, have been branded heretical, inauthentic, or treasonous and perceived as threats to the colonial domination of Spain’s Counter-Reformation and modern iterations of nationalism in the region. Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz’s El divino Narciso (1689) and Jorge Luis Borges’s “El milagro secreto” ([1944] 1993) indicate the salience and pervasiveness of the figure of the Jew, experientially and conceptually, in the region’s literary conversations about power, collectivity, and legitimacy vis-à-vis colonial and modern Europe. The two works reflect a transatlantic, multigenerational, and multigendered conversation that approaches the elimination of the Jew as a bargain that involved a simultaneous loss of American agency on a world stage. Sor Juana emerges not only as Latin America’s first female intellectual; she is Borges’s precursor in demanding an American regional identity and global agency apropos of the metropole’s exclusionary violence toward the Jew within.

  • Latin American Labor Studies: National Contexts and Lived Realities

  • Alejandra González Jiménez
  • Journal:
    Latin American Research Review / Volume 56 / Issue 2 / 15 June 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 January 2022, pp. 522-532
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  • This essay reviews the following works:

    Politicized Enforcement in Argentina: Labor and Environmental Regulation. By Matthew Amengual. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2018. Pp. vii + 285. $110.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781107135833.

    Walmart in the Global South: Workplace Culture, Labor Politics, and Supply Chains. Edited by Carolina Bank Muñoz, Bridget Kenny, and Antonio Stecher. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2018. Pp. ix + 280. $29.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781477315682.

    Continuity Despite Change: The Politics of Labor Regulation in Latin America. By Matthew E. Carnes Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2014. Pp. viii + 256. $65.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780804789431.

    Precariedad y desaliento laboral de los jóvenes en México. Edited by Dídimo Castillo Fernández, Jorge Arzate Salgado, and Silvia Irene Arcos Sánchez. Mexico City: Siglo XXI Editores, 2019. Pp. 5 + 167. $10.00 paperback. ISBN: 9786070310041.

    Redeeming the Revolution: The State and Organized Labor in Post-Tlatelolco Mexico. By Joseph U. Lenti Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2017. Pp. ix + 402. $70.00 paperback. ISBN: 9780803285590.

    Labor Politics in Latin America: Democracy and Worker Organization in the Neoliberal Era. By Paul W. Posner, Viviana Patroni, and Jean-François Mayer. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 2018. Pp. vii + 253. $80.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781683400455.

    Living and Working in Poverty in Latin America: Trajectories of Children, Youth, and Adults. Edited by María Eugenia Rausky and Mariana Chaves. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019. Pp. v + 187. $97.13 hardcover. ISBN: 9783030009007.

    Made in Baja: The Lives of Farmworkers and Growers behind Mexico’s Transnational Agricultural Boom. By Christian Zlolniski. Oakland: University of California Press, 2019. Pp. ix+ 255. $29.70 paperback. ISBN: 9780520300637.

  • I Monster: Embodying Trans and Travesti Resistance in Latin America

  • Joseph M. Pierce
  • Journal:
    Latin American Research Review / Volume 55 / Issue 2 / 23 June 2020
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 January 2022, pp. 305-321
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  • Since 2010, legal gains for LGBTQI communities in Latin America have exposed the contradictions of inclusion under a rights-based approach to sexual citizenship. Expanding neoliberal economies and multicultural incorporation has yet to resolve persistent inequalities or ongoing gender-based violence, in particular for trans and travesti populations in the region. Rather than depend on the symbolic and material protections of the state, however, many trans and travesti activists, artists, and performers argue that since the state is interested in normalizing sexual relations and gendered identities through legal recognition, it cannot be a source of identification, safety, or freedom. Focusing on recent work by Susy Shock (Argentina) and Claudia Rodríguez (Chile), this article demonstrates that “monstering” (to monster) has become a crucial form of epistemological resistance to neoliberal politics of inclusion and recognition in Latin America and of opening up new possibilities of imagining collective belonging.

  • Is American Spanish Healthy?

  • Ilan Stavans
  • Journal:
    Latin American Research Review / Volume 55 / Issue 1 / 19 March 2020
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 January 2022, pp. 199-206
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  • This essay reviews the following works:

    How Borges Wrote. By Daniel Balderston. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2018. Pp. ix + 375. $49.50 hardcover. ISBN: 9780813939643.

    Diccionario Panhispánico de Dudas. Real Academia de la Lengua Española. Madrid: Taurus, 2015. Pp. 888. $193.00. ISBN: 9788430617500.

    An American Language: The History of Spanish in the United States. By Rosina Lozano. Oakland: University of California Press, 2018. Pp. viii + 364. $29.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780520297074.

    La maravillosa historia del español. By Francisco Moreno Fernández. Barcelona: Espasa, 2015. Pp. 389. ISBN: 9788467044270.

    Educating across Borders: The Case of a Dual Language Program on the U.S.-Mexico Border. By María Teresa de la Piedra, Blanca Araujo, and Alberto Esquinca. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2018. Pp. xiii + 216. $35.00 paperback. ISBN: 9780816538478.

    Motherless Tongues: The Insurgency of Language amid Wars of Translation. By Vicente L. Rafael. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2016. Pp. xii + 255. $26.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780822360742.

  • Report from the Editor (2019)

  • Aníbal Pérez-Liñán
  • Journal:
    Latin American Research Review / Volume 54 / Issue 3 / 17 September 2019
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 January 2022, pp. 556-559
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  • Genealogía de la comunalidad indígena: Descolonialidad, transmodernidad y diálogos inter-civilizatorios

  • Juan Carlos Sánchez-Antonio
  • Journal:
    Latin American Research Review / Volume 56 / Issue 3 / 07 September 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 January 2022, pp. 696-710
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  • En la primera parte de este artículo trazaremos la genealogía de la razón comunal indígena, la cual busca rastrear las condiciones de emergencia, existencia y transformaciones discursivas y de poder que hicieron posible plantear teóricamente la comunalidad como forma de vida de los pueblos indios en Oaxaca, México. Posteriormente, haremos dialogar el pensamiento comunal indígena con el giro descolonial latinoamericano, para examinar los aportes que puede generar la comunalidad en el diseño de una salida viable a la crisis civilizatoria del actual sistema-mundo moderno-colonial-capitalista. Finalmente, vamos a analizar los alcances epistémicos y políticos de la opción comunal para contribuir a la descolonización de las ciencias sociales y la construcción inter-civilizatoria del pluriversalismo transmoderno descolonial como nuevo proyecto universal de vida.

  • The Western Sephardic Diaspora: Ancestral Birthplaces and Displacement, Diaspora Formation and Multiple Homelands

  • Luis Roniger
  • Journal:
    Latin American Research Review / Volume 54 / Issue 4 / 11 December 2019
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 January 2022, pp. 1031-1038
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  • This essay reviews the following works:

    Jews and Jewish Identities in Latin America: Historical, Cultural, and Literary Perspectives. Edited by Margalit Bejarano, Yaron Harel, Marta Topel, and Margalit Yosifon. Brighton: Academic Studies Press, 2017. Pp. xiv + 411. $129.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781618116482.

    Sephardic, Jewish, Argentine: Community and National Identity, 1880–1960. By Adriana M. Brodsky. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2016. Pp. xiv + 281. $20.00 paperback. ISBN: 9780253023032.

    Contemporary Sephardic and Mizrahi Literature: A Diaspora. Edited by Dario Miccoli. New York: Routledge, 2017. Pp. ix + 163. $150.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781138233836.

    Narratives from the Sephardic Atlantic: Blood and Faith. By Ronnie Perelis. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2016. Pp. xii + 178. $55.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780253024015.

    The Lima Inquisition: The Plight of Crypto-Jews in Seventeenth-Century Peru. By Ana E. Schaposchnik. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2015. Pp. xi + 291. $21.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780299313449.

    The Perils of Living the Good and True Law: Iberian Crypto-Jews in the Shadow of the Inquisition in Colonial Hispanic America. By Matthew D. Warshawsky. Newark, DE: Juan de la Cuesta, 2016. Pp. 176. $29.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781588712769.

  • Bolivia: Una nueva mirada al rol de los recursos naturales en el crecimiento económico

  • Manuel Olave, Ricardo Nogales, Pamela Córdova, Brisa Rejas
  • Journal:
    Latin American Research Review / Volume 55 / Issue 1 / 19 March 2020
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 January 2022, pp. 81-98
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  • Se presenta una revisión histórica y un análisis cuantitativo de las relaciones entre el crecimiento económico boliviano y los precios de los recursos naturales predominantes en la estructura de las exportaciones en el período 1970–2013, en particular: el estaño, el zinc, la plata, el oro y el gas natural. Tomando en cuenta la tendencia del precio del estaño en el período 1970–1986 y la del gas natural en el período 2000–2013 encontramos que es posible estimar la tendencia del crecimiento económico, respectivamente, con errores medios de predicción de 1.25 y 0.50 puntos porcentuales, respectivamente. Las tendencias de los precios de estos recursos reproducen el 89 por ciento de la tendencia del crecimiento. La fuerte relación entre las tendencias de estas variables, exentas de fluctuaciones inducidas por factores coyunturales internos o externos a la economía boliviana, demuestra la importancia que tienen los precios de estos recursos como predictores del crecimiento económico. Encontramos, además, que en el período 1987–1999, ninguno de los precios de otros minerales y recursos naturales como el del zinc, la plata y el oro permite predecir la tendencia de crecimiento económico con similar precisión.

  • Land Reform in Latin America: Past, Present, and Future

  • Cristóbal Kay
  • Journal:
    Latin American Research Review / Volume 54 / Issue 3 / 17 September 2019
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 January 2022, pp. 747-755
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  • This essay reviews the following works:

    Autocracy and Redistribution: The Politics of Land Reform. By Michael Albertus. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2015. Pp. xv + 347. $29.99 paperback. ISBN: 9781107514300.

    Challenging Social Inequality: The Landless Rural Workers Movement and Agrarian Reform in Brazil. Edited by Miguel Carter. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2015. Pp. xxix + 494. $33.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780822351863.

    Seeds of Stability: Land Reform and U.S. Foreign Policy. By Ethan B. Kapstein. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2017. Pp. xi + 306. $29.99 paperback. ISBN: 9781316636640.

    Agrarian Crossings: Reformers and the Remaking of the US and Mexican Countryside. By Tore C. Olsson. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2017. Pp. xiv + 277. $35.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780691165202.

    Watering the Revolution: An Environmental and Technological History of Agrarian Reform in Mexico. By Mikael D. Wolfe. Durham: Duke University Press, 2017. Pp. xii + 317. $27.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780822363743.

  • The Electoral Success of the Left in Latin America: Is There Any Room for Spatial Models of Voting?

  • Juan A. Moraes, Diego Luján
  • Journal:
    Latin American Research Review / Volume 55 / Issue 4 / 22 December 2020
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 January 2022, pp. 691-705
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  • Why have moderate electorates elected and reelected leftist governments in Latin America over the last twenty years? Scholars who rely on the classic Downsian logic of the median voter theorem have observed a process of ideological moderation among the most salient left-wing parties in the region. However, there have been no systematic attempts to evaluate the moderation thesis at the comparative level, either across Latin America or within cases over time. This article uses a directional model in the spatial modeling tradition to argue that the success of the left rests on the provision of clear leftist programmatic cues to voters. Data coming from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems for five Latin American countries during 1994 and 2014 show that left-wing parties won on left-wing platforms across the region, while an in-depth study on Brazilian elections reveals that leftist voters of the Workers’ Party in 2002 were driven by programmatic cues that largely disappeared during the 2010 elections.

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