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51798 results in International relations and international organisations

Page 450 of 2590

  • 6 - The Security Council and the Use of Force

  • Michael Wood, Eran Sthoeger
  • Book:
    The UN Security Council and International Law
    Published online:
    02 June 2022
    Print publication:
    09 June 2022, pp 116-135

  • Summary

    This chapter focuses specifically on the Council’s contribution to the international law on the use of force (the jus ad bellum), an area of international law that is central to the Security Council’s role in the maintenance of international peace and security and the collective security system of the United Nations. The chapter addresses, first, the general state of the rules of international law on the use of force (the jus ad bellum). It then outlines the rules themselves. This is followed by sections relating directly to the Security Council: the prohibition of the use of force; the use of force by or authorized by the Council; the Council and the right of self-defence; and the Council and ‘humanitarian intervention’ and ‘responsibility to protect’.

  • 10 - Use of Force, Arms Control and Disarmament

  • Edited by Stefan Talmon, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
  • Book:
    German Practice in International Law
    Published online:
    19 May 2022
    Print publication:
    09 June 2022, pp 330-373

  • Summary

    This chapter, which is split into three parts, covers Germany’s perspective on the use of force; armed conflict and international humanitarian law; and arms control and disarmament. The first part discusses the finding of the German Constitutional Court that self-defence against non-State actors is a tenable interpretation of Article 51 of the UN Charter; the Federal Government justifying the fight against ‘ISIL’ in Syria on grounds of collective self-defence; Germany’s take on the legality of the Turkish invasion of north-eastern Syria under international law; Germany backing India’s cross-border strikes against terrorists in Pakistan-administered Kashmir; and Germany’s position that Saudi Arabia was invited to intervene in Yemen. The second part deals with the launch of the Humanitarian Call for Action by France and Germany; Germany opposing the new US position on Israeli settlements in the occupied West Bank; and Germany commenting on the ILC draft principles on the protection of the environment in relation to armed conflict. Germany’s condemnation of DPRK’s missile test is addressed in the last part.

  • Popular Mexican Masculinity and American Culture in the 1920s: Migrants and Fifís

  • Laura Isabel Serna
  • Journal:
    Latin American Research Review / Volume 57 / Issue 2 / June 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    09 June 2022, pp. 422-439
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  • This essay examines the discourse around Mexican masculinity in the 1920s by looking at the figures of the repatriated migrant and the urban dandy of the period, the fifí. Using evidence from print culture, popular literature, and other sources, it explains how these masculine figures provoked anxieties about sexuality, work, and public space, as well as concerns about how to integrate American mass culture into revolutionary Mexican society. Though many observers saw repatriated migrants and fifís as potentially destructive to Mexico’s body politic, others crafted cultural narratives that described how to integrate men’s encounters with American culture into modern Mexican masculinity.

  • 3 - Inter-State Political and Economic Relations and Transactions

  • Edited by Stefan Talmon, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
  • Book:
    German Practice in International Law
    Published online:
    19 May 2022
    Print publication:
    09 June 2022, pp 81-138

  • Summary

    Germany’s position on inter-State political and economic relations and transactions is addressed in this chapter. It is divided into four parts: diplomatic and consular relations; diplomatic and consular protection; unilateral coercive measures short of the use of force; and the law of treaties. The first part covers Cameroon protesting over the lack of protection of its embassy in Berlin against the background of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations; an arrest warrant of a German court for the Namibian ambassador to Germany in the context of diplomatic immunity; German-Syrian diplomatic relations and the status of the Syrian National Coalition office in Berlin; the recall of the German ambassadors to Rwanda and Venezuela; and South Africa and Iraq accusing Germany of breaching the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. The third part covers Germany sanctioning Iran by suspending the operating licence of an Iranian airline; and Germany’s use of persona non grata declarations as a general act of retorsion. The fourth part addresses Germany becoming a party to the Hong Kong Convention; the USA accusing Germany of breaching a treaty concerning extradition; and Germany’s position and practice on provisional application of treaties.

  • Pentecostalismo e antipetismo nas eleições presidenciais brasileiras

  • Victor Araújo
  • Journal:
    Latin American Research Review / Volume 57 / Issue 3 / September 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    08 June 2022, pp. 517-535
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  • O antipetismo explica o voto de pelo menos 40 por cento dos eleitores brasileiros para os quais a ideia de eleger o Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) é inadmissível. O antipetista típico tende a ser descrito pela literatura como sujeito branco, escolarizado e anticorrupção. Neste trabalho, argumento que os evangélicos pentecostais, em sua maioria eleitores não brancos e de baixa renda, formam uma sólida base antipetista. Isso ocorre porque os eleitores desse grupo associam ao PT um conjunto de pautas vistas como “identitárias” e “anti-família”. Para testar esse argumento, utilizo dados de quatro rodadas do LAPOP que permitem distinguir a filiação religiosa e analisar o comportamento eleitoral dos respondentes nas eleições realizadas entre 2002 e 2018. Os resultados indicam que os evangélicos pentecostais são menos propensos a (1) votar no PT nas eleições presidenciais; (2) manifestar sentimentos de simpatia em relação ao partido; (3) recompensá-lo nas urnas pelos ganhos em bem-estar induzidos pela implementação do programa Bolsa Família.

  • Racialization of Blackness in the Americas

  • Erika Denise Edwards
  • Journal:
    Latin American Research Review / Volume 57 / Issue 2 / June 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    08 June 2022, pp. 456-466
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  • This essay reviews the following works:

    • Slavery Unseen: Sex, Power, and Violence in Brazilian History. By Lamonte Aidoo. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2018. Pp. 272. $26.95 paperback. IBSN: 9780822371298.

    • Sexuality and Slavery: Reclaiming Intimate Histories in the Americas. Edited by Dania Ramey Berry and Leslie M. Harris. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2018. Pp. 240. $34.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780820354040.

    • Becoming Free, Becoming Black: Race, Freedom, and Law in Cuba, Virginia, and Louisiana. By Alejandro de la Fuente and Ariela J. Gross. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2020. Pp. 294. $24.95 hardcover. ISBN: 9781108480642.

    • Wicked Flesh: Black Women, Intimacy, and Freedom in the Atlantic World. By Jessica Marie Johnson. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2020. Pp. 360. $4.95 hardcover. IBSN: 9780812252385.

    • The Origins of Macho: Men and Masculinity in Colonial Mexico. By Sonya Lipsett-Rivera. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2019. Pp 288. $29.95 paperback. IBSN: 9780826360403.

    • Revolutionary Masculinity and Racial Inequality: Gendering War and Politics in Cuba. By Bonnie A. Lucero. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2018. Pp. xiii, 345. $34.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780826363336.

    • Reckoning with Slavery: Gender, Kinship, and Capitalism in the Early Black Atlantic. By Jennifer L. Morgan. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2021. Pp. 312. $27.95 paperback. IBSN: 9781478014140.

    • Pobres, negros y esclavos: Música religiosa en Córdoba del Tucumán (1699–1840). By Clarisa Eugenia Pedrotti. Córdoba, Argentina: Editorial Brujas, 2017. Pp. 302. $33.99 paperback. ISBN: 9789877600742.

    • Cuban Literature in the Age of Black Insurrection: Manzano, Plácido, and Afro-Latino Religion. By Matthew Pettway. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2019. Pp. 344. $30.00 paperback. IBSN: 9781496825018.

    • Exquisite Slaves: Race, Clothing, and Status in Colonial Lima. By Tamara J. Walker. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2017. Pp. 240. $29.99 paperback. ISBN: 9781107445956.

  • Beyond the Comandantes: Revolutions and Revolutionaries since 1959

  • Kevin A. Young
  • Journal:
    Latin American Research Review / Volume 57 / Issue 2 / June 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    08 June 2022, pp. 504-514
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  • This essay reviews the following works:

    • The Revolution from Within: Cuba, 1959–1980. Edited by Michael J. Bustamante and Jennifer L. Lambe. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2019. Pp. viii + 332. $28.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781478002963.

    • The Guerrilla Legacy of the Cuban Revolution. By Anna Clayfield. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2019. Pp. xii + 204. $85.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781683400899.

    • Exile within Exiles: Herbert Daniel, Gay Brazilian Revolutionary. By James N. Green. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2018. Pp. xv + 322. $27.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781478000860.

    • Desafiando los poderes: Acción colectiva y frentes de masas en El Salvador (1948–1980). By Luis R. Huezo Mixco. San Salvador: Dirección Nacional de Investigaciones en Cultura y Arte de la Secretaría de Cultura de la Presidencia en colaboración con la Editorial Universidad Gerardo Barrios, 2017. Pp. 330. Paperback. ISBN: 9789996160509.

    • The Zapatista Movement and Mexico’s Democratic Transition: Mobilization, Success, and Survival. By María Inclán. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018. Pp. xvi + 166. $78.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780190869465.

    • Cuban Revolution in America: Havana and the Making of a United States Left, 1968–1992. By Teishan A. Latner. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2018. Pp. xiv + 351. $39.95 hardcover. ISBN: 9781469635460.

    • Beyond the Vanguard: Everyday Revolutionaries in Allende’s Chile. By Marian E. Schlotterbeck. Oakland: University of California Press, 2018. Pp. xiv + 234. $34.85 paperback. ISBN: 9780520298064.

    • La revolución cubana en nuestra América: El internacionalismo anónimo. By Luis Suárez Salazar and Dirk Kruijt. Havana: Ruth Casa Editorial, 2015. $10.20 e-book. ISBN: 9789962703167.

  • Espiritualidad y chamanismo: Rituales de ayahuasca bajo el giro subjetivo en Colombia

  • Jean Paul Sarrazin
  • Journal:
    Latin American Research Review / Volume 57 / Issue 3 / September 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    08 June 2022, pp. 646-661
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  • El ritual chamánico de la ayahuasca ha sido adoptado, adaptado y reinventado en contextos urbanos y cosmopolitas de diferentes países del mundo, un proceso que ha estado fuertemente permeado por prácticas y creencias de tipo new age. Una de las versiones locales de este fenómeno se conoce en Colombia como “tomas de yajé”, donde participan citadinos no indígenas de clase media y alta en busca de alteridad tradicional e inspiración espiritual. La investigación que dio origen a este artículo se basa principalmente en observaciones etnográficas y entrevistas, gracias a las cuales se analizaron las maneras en que se interpreta esta forma de chamanismo, indagando particularmente sobre los usos y sentidos del concepto de espiritualidad en las narrativas de los adeptos a las tomas. Los resultados son discutidos a la luz de teorías sobre las subjetividades y las religiosidades en la modernidad, lo cual permite comprender mejor los fundamentos socioculturales y las implicaciones de esta espiritualización del chamanismo. Se concluye que el giro subjetivo de la modernidad tardía es un factor clave para entender la reciente valoración del ritual, el cual se ha convertido, paradójicamente, en un vehículo para la difusión de valores individualistas.

  • El framing de la economía en la prensa local de Argentina: Explicando el sesgo pro gobierno

  • María Laura Tagina, Franco Delle Donne
  • Journal:
    Latin American Research Review / Volume 57 / Issue 2 / June 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    08 June 2022, pp. 388-407
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  • Las valoraciones de los ciudadanos sobre un tema están influidas por el frame que construyen los medios de comunicación. En Argentina, los diarios locales ocupan un lugar destacado en el menú de consumo de información y están con frecuencia en manos de empresarios asociados al poder político de turno. Nos preguntamos si la cobertura que hacen de las noticias económicas responde a algún patrón generalizable y, de existir variaciones, qué las explica. A partir del análisis de las portadas de veintidós diarios, publicadas durante la campaña electoral de 2017, mostramos que existe un sesgo pro gobierno en la cobertura de noticias económicas locales, que beneficia al oficialismo local. Dicho alineamiento se profundiza cuanto más concentrado se encuentra el poder en los jefes de gobierno locales y cuanto mayor es el carácter rentista de esas polities. A la vez, las noticias económicas nacionales tienen una probabilidad mayor de recibir un encuadre positivo cuando son publicadas por diarios que reciben pauta oficial nacional, cuando el mandatario local es copartidario del presidente y mientras más años lleva en el cargo. La pertenencia de los diarios a grupos mediáticos también afecta el encuadre de las noticias, aumentando el sesgo pro gobierno de las noticias locales pero disminuyéndolo en las noticias nacionales.

  • Race, Racism, and Antiracism in Brazil and Mexico

  • Theodore W. Cohen
  • Journal:
    Latin American Research Review / Volume 57 / Issue 3 / September 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    08 June 2022, pp. 719-729
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  • This essay reviews the following works:

    The Pursuit of Ruins: Archaeology, History, and the Making of Modern Mexico. By Christina Bueno. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2016. Pp. xi + 280. $29.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780826357328.

    Mestizo Modernity: Race, Technology, and the Body in Postrevolutionary Mexico. By David S. Dalton. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 2018. Pp. x + 248. $84.95 hardcover. ISBN: 9781683400394.

    Becoming Brazilians: Race and National Identity in Twentieth-Century Brazil. By Marshall C. Eakin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017. Pp. xvii + 343. $31.99 paperback. ISBN: 9781316626009.

    Redeeming La Raza: Transborder Modernity, Race, Respectability, and Rights. By Gabriela González. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018. Pp. xvi + 261. $36.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780190909628.

    The Brazil Reader: History, Culture, Politics. Edited by James N. Green, Victoria Langland, and Lilia Moritz Schwarcz. Durham, NC: Duke University Press Books, 2019. Pp. 608. $32.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780822371076.

    Frontiers of Citizenship: A Black and Indigenous History of Postcolonial Brazil. By Yuko Miki. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018. Pp. xix + 306. $29.99 paperback. ISBN: 9781108405409.

    Estudiar el racismo: Afrodescendientes en México. Edited by María Elisa Velázquez Gutiérrez. Mexico City: Secretaría de Cultura, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, 2019. Pp. 619. Mex$445.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9786075393209.

  • Disasters as Critical Junctures: State Building and Industrialization in Chile after the Chillán Earthquake of 1939

  • Magdalena Gil
  • Journal:
    Latin American Research Review / Volume 57 / Issue 4 / December 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    08 June 2022, pp. 775-793
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  • In 1939 an earthquake destroyed south-central Chile, especially the city of Chillán. This event was arguably the most catastrophic socio-natural disaster in Chilean history, yet it has been mostly ignored in historical research. This article shows that the earthquake triggered a critical juncture for the Chilean state and was a determining factor in some of the most important institutional developments of the period. Using primary sources, the article describes this juncture, focusing on the destabilizing effect of the earthquake and linking it to the creation of two new state institutions, the Production Development Corporation (CORFO) and the Reconstruction and Assistantship Corporation (CRA), together with other important changes in state capacities. It concludes that the disaster is crucial in understanding the Chilean transition from an exporting economy to an import-substituting one after 1940, and to account for the strength of the Chilean state in the decades to come.

  • Chilean Democracy, Past and Present

  • Nicolás M. Somma
  • Journal:
    Latin American Research Review / Volume 57 / Issue 2 / June 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    08 June 2022, pp. 490-503
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  • This essay reviews the following works:

    • Anatomía de la derecha chilena: Estado, mercado y valores en tiempos de cambio. Edited by Stéphanie Alenda. Santiago: Fondo de Cultura Económica and Universidad Andrés Bello, 2020. Pp. 380. $19.04 paperback. ISBN: 9789562892025.

    • Presidencialismo a la chilena: Coaliciones y cooperación política, 1990–2018. By Mireya Dávila Avendaño. Santiago: Editorial Universitaria, 2020. Pp. 312. $20.36 paperback. ISBN: 9789561126923.

    • La transición inacabada: El proceso político chileno 1990–2020. By Claudio Fuentes S. Santiago: Catalonia, 2021. Pp. 392. $22.64 paperback. ISBN: 9789563248388.

    • Política y movimientos sociales en Chile: Antecedentes y proyecciones del estallido social de octubre 2019. Edited by Manuel Antonio Garretón. Santiago: LOM Ediciones, 2021. Pp. 308. $17.97 paperback. ISBN: 9789560014061.

    • La democracia semisoberana: Chile después de Pinochet. By Carlos Huneeus. Santiago: Taurus, 2014. Pp. 614. $32.34 paperback. ISBN: 9789563477832.

    • The Left Hand of Capital: Neoliberalism and the Left in Chile. By Fernando Ignacio Leiva. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2021. Pp. viii + 391. $33.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781438483610.

    • En vez del optimismo: Crisis de representación política en el Chile actual. By Juan Pablo Luna. Santiago: Catalonia, 2017. Pp. 151. $12.58 paperback. ISBN: 9789563245431.

    • La chusma inconsciente: La crisis de un país atendido por sus propios dueños. By Juan Pablo Luna. Santiago: Catalonia, 2021. Pp. 377. $14.02 paperback. ISBN: 9789563248999.

    • Neoliberal Resilience: Lessons in Democracy and Development from Latin America and Eastern Europe. By Aldo Madariaga. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2020. Pp. vii + 348. $43.81 hardcover. ISBN: 9780691182599.

    • Octubre chileno: La irrupción de un nuevo pueblo. By Carlos Ruiz Encina. Santiago: Penguin Random House, 2020. Pp. 117. $10.78. ISBN: 9789566042259.

  • Las lucrativas redes de tráfico de mujeres de México y Centroamérica para el comercio sexual en Estados Unidos

  • Simón Pedro Izcara Palacios
  • Journal:
    Latin American Research Review / Volume 57 / Issue 3 / September 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    08 June 2022, pp. 608-626
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  • La mayor parte de las mujeres traficadas para el comercio sexual por la frontera suroeste de Estados Unidos proceden de México y Centroamérica. Esta investigación, fundamentada en una metodología cualitativa, que incluye entrevistas en profundidad con cincuenta y dos traficantes de mujeres y ochenta y seis dueños de negocios de prostitución en México, analiza los vínculos entre los diferentes actores involucrados en el tráfico de mujeres de México y Centroamérica para el comercio sexual en Estados Unidos. Concluimos que estos actores ocupan lugares estratégicos dentro de una cadena de mando que tiene el propósito de proporcionar a los patrones estadounidenses una remesa ininterrumpida de mujeres. Los traficantes reclutan y transportan mujeres, mientras que los dueños de centros nocturnos de Estados Unidos se benefician de la explotación de la prostitución. Asimismo, esta actividad depende de la participación de madrotas y padrotes mexicanos, que reclutan y dan cobijo a mujeres en tránsito al norte.

Page 450 of 2590