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9 - On the quantification of local variation in biodiversity scaling using wavelets

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2012

By
Timothy H. Keitt
Edited by
David Storch ,
Pablo Marquet  and
James Brown
Timothy H. Keitt
Affiliation:
University of Texas at Austin
David Storch
Affiliation:
Charles University, Prague
Pablo Marquet
Affiliation:
Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
James Brown
Affiliation:
University of New Mexico
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Summary

Introduction

It is obvious to even the most casual naturalist that community composition varies through space and that this variation is related in some way to environmental gradients. Yet the problem of understanding in detail patterns of species turnover in space remains a difficult and unsolved challenge in spatial ecology. How do we relate spatial turnover in community composition to the underlying biological processes regulating the origin and maintenance of biological diversity in landscapes? The basic components are simple. If each species is restricted to a unique set of preferred environmental conditions and the environment varies spatially, then in a deterministic world, spatial variation in community composition simply reflects environmental variation. If rates of environmental change are constant, we should find a highly regular and simple pattern of species turnover. The complicating factors are of course ecology, history and variation in the “texture” of the physical environment. Species unable to track a temporally changing environment will be present in suboptimal conditions and missing from the preferred environment (Vetaas, 2002). The vagaries of extinction–recolonization dynamics imply that some fraction of species which could occur in some particular local environment will be missing solely for historical reasons (Hanski & Gyllenberg, 1997). Species may also be absent from preferred habitats because of competitive exclusion or absence of an obligate mutualist (Caley & Schluter, 1997).

Type
Chapter
Information
Scaling Biodiversity , pp. 168 - 180
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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