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Chapter 10.2 - Eagle Syndrome

from 10 - Bone Disorders and Stroke

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 October 2022

Anita Arsovska
Affiliation:
University of Ss Cyril and Methodius
Derya Uluduz
Affiliation:
Istanbul Üniversitesi
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Summary

Eagle syndrome is caused by elongated/disfigured styloid process, which interferes with the functioning of neighboring structures. It was named after Watt Weems Eagle, who described his first cases in 1937. There are two types of Eagle syndrome:“Classic Eagle syndrome” and “Vascular Eagle syndrome”. It can be caused by compression of cranial nerves, most commonly the glossopharyngeal nerve, with throat and neck pain; compression of the carotid artery which can cause transient ischemic attack/stroke or compression of sympathetic nerves along the artery, leading to symptomsetc. Diagnosis of Eagle syndrome is established based on optimal medical history, physical examination, CT and CT angiography. Management includes conservative and operative treatment. We present a female patient with transient ischemic attack in the carotid system, and later pulsatile tinnitus, caused by carotid dissection and moderate degree stenosis. After extensive investigations, neuroimaging confirmed that the elongated styloid process caused changes in the carotid arteries. Adequate medicamentous therapy was recommended and improvement of the symptoms was noted

Type
Chapter
Information
Rare Causes of Stroke
A Handbook
, pp. 343 - 348
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

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References

Langlais, RP, Miles, DA, Van Dis, ML. Elongated and mineralized stylohyoid ligament complex: A proposed classification and report of a case of Eagle’s syndrome. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1986;61(5): 527532.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Medscape, Rinaldi, V, Faiella, F, Casale, M, et al. Eagle Syndrome. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1447247-overview#a7 (accessed February 2022).Google Scholar
Aravind, WS, Nanthini, KC, Subadra, K, Dhivya, MH. Eagle’s syndrome: A case report of a unilateral elongated styloid process. Cureus. 2019;11(4): e4430.Google Scholar
Raser, JM, Mullen, MT, Kasner, SE, et al. Cervical carotid artery dissection is associated with styloid process length. Neurology. 2011;77: 20612066.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ogura, T, Mineharu, Y, Todo, K, Kohara, N, Sakai, N. Carotid artery dissection caused by an elongated styloid process: Three case reports and review of the literature. NMC Case Rep J. 2015;2(1): 2125.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Balde, D, Do Santos, ZA, Ndiaye, C, et al. Intra oral versus external approach in the surgical management of Eagle’s syndrome. Int J Otorhinolaryngology. 2019;5(1): 914.Google Scholar

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