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27 - Age-related Changes in Chemosensory Functions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 September 2009

By
Thomas Hummel ,
Stefan Heilmann  and
Claire Murphy
Edited by
Catherine Rouby ,
Benoist Schaal ,
Danièle Dubois ,
Rémi Gervais  and
A. Holley
Thomas Hummel
Affiliation:
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden Medical School, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
Stefan Heilmann
Affiliation:
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden Medical School, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
Claire Murphy
Affiliation:
University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, and Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92129, USA
Catherine Rouby
Affiliation:
Université Lyon I
Benoist Schaal
Affiliation:
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris
Danièle Dubois
Affiliation:
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris
Rémi Gervais
Affiliation:
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris
A. Holley
Affiliation:
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris
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Summary

Early in this century it was shown that aging is accompanied by a decrease in intranasal chemosensory sensitivity to camphor (Vaschide, 1904). Numerous studies have confirmed such findings for various odorants (Venstrom and Amoore, 1968; Schiffman, Moss, and Erickson, 1976; Stevens and Cain, 1987). Others have reported decreased ability to identify odorants with increasing age (Doty et al., 1984; Wood and Harkins, 1987; Cain and Gent, 1991), as well as greater tendencies for olfactory adaptation and slower recovery of threshold sensitivity (Stevens et al., 1989). In contrast, few investigators have reported stable olfactory function over a life span (e.g., Rovee, Cohen, and Shlapack, 1975).

What Is the Anatomical Substrate for Age-related Loss of Chemosensory Function?

The olfactory system is part of a living organism that undergoes significant changes related to aging. Both peripheral sensory and central processing units are affected in that process. In the following we shall try to summarize some of those effects concerning the aging olfactory epithelium, as well as changes in the central nervous system that may contribute to the deterioration of the aging sense of smell.

Central Nervous System and Olfactory Bulb

Olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) may be subject to alterations similar to those seen in neurons in the aging brain. Alterations in the aging central nervous system (CNS) include, for example, deficits in the regulation of intracellular calcium levels, increased leakage of synaptic transmitters, and changes in neuronal arborization (Smith, 1988).

Type
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Olfaction, Taste, and Cognition , pp. 441 - 456
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2002

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  • Age-related Changes in Chemosensory Functions
    • By Thomas Hummel, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden Medical School, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany, Stefan Heilmann, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden Medical School, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany, Claire Murphy, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, and Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92129, USA
  • Edited by Catherine Rouby, Université Lyon I, Benoist Schaal, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, Danièle Dubois, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, Rémi Gervais, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, A. Holley, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris
  • Book: Olfaction, Taste, and Cognition
  • Online publication: 21 September 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511546389.036
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  • Age-related Changes in Chemosensory Functions
    • By Thomas Hummel, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden Medical School, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany, Stefan Heilmann, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden Medical School, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany, Claire Murphy, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, and Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92129, USA
  • Edited by Catherine Rouby, Université Lyon I, Benoist Schaal, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, Danièle Dubois, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, Rémi Gervais, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, A. Holley, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris
  • Book: Olfaction, Taste, and Cognition
  • Online publication: 21 September 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511546389.036
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  • Age-related Changes in Chemosensory Functions
    • By Thomas Hummel, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden Medical School, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany, Stefan Heilmann, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden Medical School, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany, Claire Murphy, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, and Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92129, USA
  • Edited by Catherine Rouby, Université Lyon I, Benoist Schaal, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, Danièle Dubois, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, Rémi Gervais, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, A. Holley, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris
  • Book: Olfaction, Taste, and Cognition
  • Online publication: 21 September 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511546389.036
Available formats
×