Chapter 4 begins with a discussion of the types and kinds of data most suitable for an analysis that uses the Benford probability distribution. Next we describe an R computer program – program Benford – designed to evaluate observed data for agreement with the Benford probability distribution; and we give an example of output from the program using a typical dataset. We then move to an overview of our workflow of Benford agreement analyses where we outline our process for assessing the validity of data using Benford agreement analyses. We end the chapter with a discussion of the concept of Benford validity, which we will employ in subsequent chapters.