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This series is devoted to thorough, yet reasonably concise treatments of topics in any branch of mathematics. Typically, a Tract takes up a single thread in a wide subject, and follows its ramifications, thus throwing light on various of its aspects. Tracts are expected to be rigorous, definitive and of lasting value to mathematicians working in the relevant disciplines. Exercises can be included to illustrate techniques, summarize past work and enhance the book's value as a seminar text.

  • Editorial Boards: Jean Bertoin, University of Zurich, Béla Bollobás, University of Cambridge, William Fulton, University of Michigan, Bryna Kra, Northwestern University, Illinois, Ieke Moerdijk, Utrecht University, Cheryl Praeger, University of Western Australia, Peter Sarnak, Princeton University, New Jersey, Barry Simon, California Institute of Technology, Burt Totaro, University of California, Los Angeles

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159 results in Cambridge Tracts in Mathematics

Page 1 of 8

Category and Measure
  • Infinite Combinatorics, Topology and Groups
  • N. H. Bingham, Adam J. Ostaszewski
  • Published online:
    14 January 2025
    Print publication:
    23 January 2025
  • Topological spaces in general, and the real numbers in particular, have the characteristic of exhibiting a 'continuity structure', one that can be examined from the vantage point of Baire category or of Lebesgue measure. Though they are in some sense dual, work over the last half-century has shown that it is the former, topological view, that has pride of place since it reveals a much richer structure that draws from, and gives back to, areas such as analytic sets, infinite games, probability, infinite combinatorics, descriptive set theory and topology. Keeping prerequisites to a minimum, the authors provide a new exposition and synthesis of the extensive mathematical theory needed to understand the subject's current state of knowledge, and they complement their presentation with a thorough bibliography of source material and pointers to further work. The result is a book that will be the standard reference for all researchers in the area.

The Theory of Countable Borel Equivalence Relations
  • Alexander S. Kechris
  • Published online:
    07 November 2024
    Print publication:
    21 November 2024
  • The theory of definable equivalence relations has been a vibrant area of research in descriptive set theory for the past three decades. It serves as a foundation of a theory of complexity of classification problems in mathematics and is further motivated by the study of group actions in a descriptive, topological, or measure-theoretic context. A key part of this theory is concerned with the structure of countable Borel equivalence relations. These are exactly the equivalence relations generated by Borel actions of countable discrete groups and this introduces important connections with group theory, dynamical systems, and operator algebras. This text surveys the state of the art in the theory of countable Borel equivalence relations and delineates its future directions and challenges. It gives beginning graduate students and researchers a bird's-eye view of the subject, with detailed references to the extensive literature provided for further study.

The Art of Working with the Mathieu Group M24
  • Robert T. Curtis
  • Published online:
    31 October 2024
    Print publication:
    14 November 2024
  • The Leech lattice Λ, the Conway group ∙O, and the Monster group M are immensely famous structures. They each grow out of the Mathieu group M24 and its underlying combinatorial structure, and play an important role in various branches of mathematics and in theoretical physics. Written by an expert in the field, this book provides a new generation of mathematicians with the intimate knowledge of M24 needed to understand these beautiful objects, and many others. It starts by exploring Steiner systems, before introducing the Miracle Octad Generator (MOG) as a device for working with the Steiner system S(5,8,24). Emphasizing how theoretical and computational approaches complement one another, the author describes how familiarity with M24 leads to the concept of 'symmetric generation' of groups. The final chapter brings together the various strands of the book to produce a nested chain of groups culminating in the largest Conway simple group Co1.

Families of Varieties of General Type
  • János Kollár
  • Published online:
    13 April 2023
    Print publication:
    20 April 2023
  • This book establishes the moduli theory of stable varieties, giving the optimal approach to understanding families of varieties of general type. Starting from the Deligne–Mumford theory of the moduli of curves and using Mori's program as a main tool, the book develops the techniques necessary for a theory in all dimensions. The main results give all the expected general properties, including a projective coarse moduli space. A wealth of previously unpublished material is also featured, including Chapter 5 on numerical flatness criteria, Chapter 7 on K-flatness, and Chapter 9 on hulls and husks.

Variations on a Theme of Borel
  • An Essay on the Role of the Fundamental Group in Rigidity
  • Shmuel Weinberger
  • Published online:
    24 November 2022
    Print publication:
    08 December 2022
  • In the middle of the last century, after hearing a talk of Mostow on one of his rigidity theorems, Borel conjectured in a letter to Serre a purely topological version of rigidity for aspherical manifolds (i.e. manifolds with contractible universal covers). The Borel conjecture is now one of the central problems of topology with many implications for manifolds that need not be aspherical. Since then, the theory of rigidity has vastly expanded in both precision and scope. This book rethinks the implications of accepting his heuristic as a source of ideas. Doing so leads to many variants of the original conjecture - some true, some false, and some that remain conjectural. The author explores this collection of ideas, following them where they lead whether into rigidity theory in its differential geometric and representation theoretic forms, or geometric group theory, metric geometry, global analysis, algebraic geometry, K-theory, or controlled topology.

Fractional Sobolev Spaces and Inequalities
  • D. E. Edmunds, W. D. Evans
  • Published online:
    06 October 2022
    Print publication:
    13 October 2022
  • The fractional Sobolev spaces studied in the book were introduced in the 1950s by Aronszajn, Gagliardo and Slobodeckij in an attempt to fill the gaps between the classical Sobolev spaces. They provide a natural home for solutions of a vast, and rapidly growing, number of questions involving differential equations and non-local effects, ranging from financial modelling to ultra-relativistic quantum mechanics, emphasising the need to be familiar with their fundamental properties and associated techniques. Following an account of the most basic properties of the fractional spaces, two celebrated inequalities, those of Hardy and Rellich, are discussed, first in classical format (for which a survey of the very extensive known results is given), and then in fractional versions. This book will be an Ideal resource for researchers and graduate students working on differential operators and boundary value problems.

Large Deviations for Markov Chains
  • Alejandro D. de Acosta
  • Published online:
    03 August 2022
    Print publication:
    27 October 2022
  • This book studies the large deviations for empirical measures and vector-valued additive functionals of Markov chains with general state space. Under suitable recurrence conditions, the ergodic theorem for additive functionals of a Markov chain asserts the almost sure convergence of the averages of a real or vector-valued function of the chain to the mean of the function with respect to the invariant distribution. In the case of empirical measures, the ergodic theorem states the almost sure convergence in a suitable sense to the invariant distribution. The large deviation theorems provide precise asymptotic estimates at logarithmic level of the probabilities of deviating from the preponderant behavior asserted by the ergodic theorems.

Point-Counting and the Zilber–Pink Conjecture
  • Jonathan Pila
  • Published online:
    26 May 2022
    Print publication:
    09 June 2022
  • Point-counting results for sets in real Euclidean space have found remarkable applications to diophantine geometry, enabling significant progress on the André–Oort and Zilber–Pink conjectures. The results combine ideas close to transcendence theory with the strong tameness properties of sets that are definable in an o-minimal structure, and thus the material treated connects ideas in model theory, transcendence theory, and arithmetic. This book describes the counting results and their applications along with their model-theoretic and transcendence connections. Core results are presented in detail to demonstrate the flexibility of the method, while wider developments are described in order to illustrate the breadth of the diophantine conjectures and to highlight key arithmetical ingredients. The underlying ideas are elementary and most of the book can be read with only a basic familiarity with number theory and complex algebraic geometry. It serves as an introduction for postgraduate students and researchers to the main ideas, results, problems, and themes of current research in this area.

Transcendence and Linear Relations of 1-Periods
  • Annette Huber, Gisbert Wüstholz
  • Published online:
    05 May 2022
    Print publication:
    26 May 2022
  • This exploration of the relation between periods and transcendental numbers brings Baker's theory of linear forms in logarithms into its most general framework, the theory of 1-motives. Written by leading experts in the field, it contains original results and finalises the theory of linear relations of 1-periods, answering long-standing questions in transcendence theory. It provides a complete exposition of the new theory for researchers, but also serves as an introduction to transcendence for graduate students and newcomers. It begins with foundational material, including a review of the theory of commutative algebraic groups and the analytic subgroup theorem as well as the basics of singular homology and de Rham cohomology. Part II addresses periods of 1-motives, linking back to classical examples like the transcendence of π, before the authors turn to periods of algebraic varieties in Part III. Finally, Part IV aims at a dimension formula for the space of periods of a 1-motive in terms of its data.

The Mordell Conjecture
  • A Complete Proof from Diophantine Geometry
  • Hideaki Ikoma, Shu Kawaguchi, Atsushi Moriwaki
  • Published online:
    13 January 2022
    Print publication:
    03 February 2022
  • The Mordell conjecture (Faltings's theorem) is one of the most important achievements in Diophantine geometry, stating that an algebraic curve of genus at least two has only finitely many rational points. This book provides a self-contained and detailed proof of the Mordell conjecture following the papers of Bombieri and Vojta. Also acting as a concise introduction to Diophantine geometry, the text starts from basics of algebraic number theory, touches on several important theorems and techniques (including the theory of heights, the Mordell–Weil theorem, Siegel's lemma and Roth's lemma) from Diophantine geometry, and culminates in the proof of the Mordell conjecture. Based on the authors' own teaching experience, it will be of great value to advanced undergraduate and graduate students in algebraic geometry and number theory, as well as researchers interested in Diophantine geometry as a whole.

Coarse Geometry of Topological Groups
  • Christian Rosendal
  • Published online:
    16 December 2021
    Print publication:
    16 December 2021
  • This book provides a general framework for doing geometric group theory for many non-locally-compact topological transformation groups that arise in mathematical practice, including homeomorphism and diffeomorphism groups of manifolds, isometry groups of separable metric spaces and automorphism groups of countable structures. Using Roe's framework of coarse structures and spaces, the author defines a natural coarse geometric structure on all topological groups. This structure is accessible to investigation, especially in the case of Polish groups, and often has an explicit description, generalising well-known structures in familiar cases including finitely generated discrete groups, compactly generated locally compact groups and Banach spaces. In most cases, the coarse geometric structure is metrisable and may even be refined to a canonical quasimetric structure on the group. The book contains many worked examples and sufficient introductory material to be accessible to beginning graduate students. An appendix outlines several open problems in this young and rich theory.

Noncommutative Function-Theoretic Operator Theory and Applications
  • Joseph A. Ball, Vladimir Bolotnikov
  • Published online:
    09 December 2021
    Print publication:
    16 December 2021
  • This concise monograph explores how core ideas in Hardy space function theory and operator theory continue to be useful and informative in new settings, leading to new insights for noncommutative multivariable operator theory. Beginning with a review of the confluence of system theory ideas and reproducing kernel techniques, the book then covers representations of backward-shift-invariant subspaces in the Hardy space as ranges of observability operators, and representations for forward-shift-invariant subspaces via a Beurling–Lax representer equal to the transfer function of the linear system. This pair of backward-shift-invariant and forward-shift-invariant subspace form a generalized orthogonal decomposition of the ambient Hardy space. All this leads to the de Branges–Rovnyak model theory and characteristic operator function for a Hilbert space contraction operator. The chapters that follow generalize the system theory and reproducing kernel techniques to enable an extension of the ideas above to weighted Bergman space multivariable settings.

Attractors of Hamiltonian Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations
  • Alexander Komech, Elena Kopylova
  • Published online:
    17 September 2021
    Print publication:
    30 September 2021
  • This monograph is the first to present the theory of global attractors of Hamiltonian partial differential equations. A particular focus is placed on the results obtained in the last three decades, with chapters on the global attraction to stationary states, to solitons, and to stationary orbits. The text includes many physically relevant examples and will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in both mathematics and physics. The proofs involve novel applications of methods of harmonic analysis, including Tauberian theorems, Titchmarsh's convolution theorem, and the theory of quasimeasures. As well as the underlying theory, the authors discuss the results of numerical simulations and formulate open problems to prompt further research.

Assouad Dimension and Fractal Geometry
  • Jonathan M. Fraser
  • Published online:
    13 October 2020
    Print publication:
    29 October 2020
  • The Assouad dimension is a notion of dimension in fractal geometry that has been the subject of much interest in recent years. This book, written by a world expert on the topic, is the first thorough account of the Assouad dimension and its many variants and applications in fractal geometry and beyond. It places the theory of the Assouad dimension in context among up-to-date treatments of many key advances in fractal geometry, while also emphasising its diverse connections with areas of mathematics including number theory, dynamical systems, harmonic analysis, and probability theory. A final chapter detailing open problems and future directions for research brings readers to the cutting edge of this exciting field. This book will be an indispensable part of the modern fractal geometer's library and a valuable resource for pure mathematicians interested in the beauty and many applications of the Assouad dimension.

Matrix Positivity
  • Charles R. Johnson, Ronald L. Smith, Michael J. Tsatsomeros
  • Published online:
    11 September 2020
    Print publication:
    01 October 2020
  • Matrix positivity is a central topic in matrix theory: properties that generalize the notion of positivity to matrices arose from a large variety of applications, and many have also taken on notable theoretical significance, either because they are natural or unifying. This is the first book to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date reference of important material on matrix positivity classes, their properties, and their relations. The matrix classes emphasized in this book include the classes of semipositive matrices, P-matrices, inverse M-matrices, and copositive matrices. This self-contained reference will be useful to a large variety of mathematicians, engineers, and social scientists, as well as graduate students. The generalizations of positivity and the connections observed provide a unique perspective, along with theoretical insight into applications and future challenges. Direct applications can be found in data analysis, differential equations, mathematical programming, computational complexity, models of the economy, population biology, dynamical systems and control theory.

Operator Analysis
  • Hilbert Space Methods in Complex Analysis
  • Jim Agler, John Edward McCarthy, Nicholas John Young
  • Published online:
    06 March 2020
    Print publication:
    26 March 2020
  • This book shows how operator theory interacts with function theory in one and several variables. The authors develop the theory in detail, leading the reader to the cutting edge of contemporary research. It starts with a treatment of the theory of bounded holomorphic functions on the unit disc. Model theory and the network realization formula are used to solve Nevanlinna-Pick interpolation problems, and the same techniques are shown to work on the bidisc, the symmetrized bidisc, and other domains. The techniques are powerful enough to prove the Julia-Carathéodory theorem on the bidisc, Lempert's theorem on invariant metrics in convex domains, the Oka extension theorem, and to generalize Loewner's matrix monotonicity results to several variables. In Part II, the book gives an introduction to non-commutative function theory, and shows how model theory and the network realization formula can be used to understand functions of non-commuting matrices.

Lectures on Contact 3-Manifolds, Holomorphic Curves and Intersection Theory
  • Chris Wendl
  • Published online:
    06 March 2020
    Print publication:
    26 March 2020
  • Intersection theory has played a prominent role in the study of closed symplectic 4-manifolds since Gromov's famous 1985 paper on pseudoholomorphic curves, leading to myriad beautiful rigidity results that are either inaccessible or not true in higher dimensions. Siefring's recent extension of the theory to punctured holomorphic curves allowed similarly important results for contact 3-manifolds and their symplectic fillings. Based on a series of lectures for graduate students in topology, this book begins with an overview of the closed case, and then proceeds to explain the essentials of Siefring's intersection theory and how to use it, and gives some sample applications in low-dimensional symplectic and contact topology. The appendices provide valuable information for researchers, including a concise reference guide on Siefring's theory and a self-contained proof of a weak version of the Micallef–White theorem.

The Random Matrix Theory of the Classical Compact Groups
  • Elizabeth S. Meckes
  • Published online:
    12 July 2019
    Print publication:
    01 August 2019
  • This is the first book to provide a comprehensive overview of foundational results and recent progress in the study of random matrices from the classical compact groups, drawing on the subject's deep connections to geometry, analysis, algebra, physics, and statistics. The book sets a foundation with an introduction to the groups themselves and six different constructions of Haar measure. Classical and recent results are then presented in a digested, accessible form, including the following: results on the joint distributions of the entries; an extensive treatment of eigenvalue distributions, including the Weyl integration formula, moment formulae, and limit theorems and large deviations for the spectral measures; concentration of measure with applications both within random matrix theory and in high dimensional geometry; and results on characteristic polynomials with connections to the Riemann zeta function. This book will be a useful reference for researchers and an accessible introduction for students in related fields.

Justification Logic
  • Reasoning with Reasons
  • Sergei Artemov, Melvin Fitting
  • Published online:
    25 April 2019
    Print publication:
    02 May 2019
  • Classical logic is concerned, loosely, with the behaviour of truths. Epistemic logic similarly is about the behaviour of known or believed truths. Justification logic is a theory of reasoning that enables the tracking of evidence for statements and therefore provides a logical framework for the reliability of assertions. This book, the first in the area, is a systematic account of the subject, progressing from modal logic through to the establishment of an arithmetic interpretation of intuitionistic logic. The presentation is mathematically rigorous but in a style that will appeal to readers from a wide variety of areas to which the theory applies. These include mathematical logic, artificial intelligence, computer science, philosophical logic and epistemology, linguistics, and game theory.

Defocusing Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations
  • Benjamin Dodson
  • Published online:
    28 March 2019
    Print publication:
    28 March 2019
  • This study of Schrödinger equations with power-type nonlinearity provides a great deal of insight into other dispersive partial differential equations and geometric partial differential equations. It presents important proofs, using tools from harmonic analysis, microlocal analysis, functional analysis, and topology. This includes a new proof of Keel–Tao endpoint Strichartz estimates, and a new proof of Bourgain's result for radial, energy-critical NLS. It also provides a detailed presentation of scattering results for energy-critical and mass-critical equations. This book is suitable as the basis for a one-semester course, and serves as a useful introduction to nonlinear Schrödinger equations for those with a background in harmonic analysis, functional analysis, and partial differential equations.

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