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For centuries, scripture and theology were the focus of prodigious amounts of scholarship and publishing. Enlightenment philosophy and science, anthropology, ethnology and the colonial experience all brought new perspectives, lively debates and heated controversies to the study of religion and its role in the world, many of which continue to this day. This series explores the editing and interpretation of religious texts, the history of religious ideas and institutions, and not least the encounter between religion and science.

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253 results in Cambridge Library Collection - Religion

Page 9 of 13

St Paul and the Church of Jerusalem
  • Wilfred Lawrence Knox
  • Published online:
    13 June 2011
    Print publication:
    31 October 2010
    First published in:
    1925
  • St Paul's conversion to Christianity transformed a vicious persecutor of Christians into one of the most important and influential figures in the foundation of the early church. Paul's broad theological knowledge and his ambitious vision for the faith made him a major force in the development of Christianity from its origins as an obscure Jewish sect. W. L. Knox's 1925 biography examines what influenced Paul's theological ideas and how his desire to extend the church's reach to gentiles and the wider world put him in opposition with other early church figures like St Peter. Placing Paul's work in the social and religious context of Jerusalem following the death of Jesus, Knox evokes the atmosphere of persecution in Jerusalem and the inner social dynamics of the early Christian sect, evaluating Paul's impact on the growing church and the particular ideas and elements of doctrine that prevailed as a result of his involvement.

The Life of Jesus, Critically Examined
  • Volume 1
  • David Friedrich Strauss
  • Translated by George Eliot
  • Published online:
    16 May 2011
    Print publication:
    02 September 2010
    First published in:
    1846
  • The German theologian David Friedrich Strauss (1808–1874) published his highly controversial The Life of Jesus in three volumes between 1835 and 1836. This translation by George Eliot is based on the fourth German edition (1840). Strauss applied strict historical method to the gospel narratives and caused scandal across the Protestant world by concluding that all miraculous elements were mythical and ahistorical. Strauss introduces Volume 1 with a survey of 'de-mythology' in Western thought. He applies modern historical and scientific criticism to the annunciation and birth narratives; the Davidic descent and genealogies of Jesus; Jesus' visit to the temple; Jesus' baptism and temptation and his relationship with John the Baptist. The volume ends with a chapter on chronology and locality in the life of Jesus. This is a key text of nineteenth-century theology that pioneered the application of historical and scientific methods to the study of religious texts.

The Life of Jesus, Critically Examined
  • Volume 3
  • David Friedrich Strauss
  • Translated by George Eliot
  • Published online:
    16 May 2011
    Print publication:
    02 September 2010
    First published in:
    1846
  • The German theologian David Friedrich Strauss (1808–1874) published his highly controversial The Life of Jesus in three volumes between 1835 and 1836. This translation, by George Eliot, is based on the fourth German edition (1840). In this work Strauss applied strict historical method to the New Testament gospel narratives and caused scandal across the Protestant world by concluding that all miraculous elements were mythical and ahistorical. Volume 3 applies modern historical criticism to 'de-mythologize' the narratives of the transfiguration, Jesus' final journey into Jerusalem, the passion, the death, and the resurrection; and investigates the historicity of Jesus' enemies. The volume concludes with an essay entitled 'The Dogmatic Import of the Life of Jesus'. This is a key text of nineteenth-century theology that pioneered the application of historical and scientific methods to the study of religious texts. It is essential reading for any student of the New Testament.

The Life of Jesus, Critically Examined
  • Volume 2
  • David Friedrich Strauss
  • Translated by George Eliot
  • Published online:
    16 May 2011
    Print publication:
    02 September 2010
    First published in:
    1846
  • The German theologian David Friedrich Strauss (1808–1874) first published his highly controversial The Life of Jesus in three volumes between 1835 and 1836. This translation, by George Eliot, is based on the fourth German edition (1840). In this work Strauss applied strict historical methods to the New Testament gospel narratives and caused scandal across the Protestant world by concluding that all miraculous elements in the life of Jesus were mythical and ahistorical. In volume 2 Strauss applies modern historical criticism to 'de-mythologize' the idea of Jesus as Messiah; the narratives about the disciples; the discourses in the Synoptic gospels and the Fourth Gospel; the non-miraculous events; and the miracles' narratives. This is a key text of nineteenth-century theology that pioneered the application of historical and scientific methods to the study of religions and religious texts. It is essential reading for any student of the New Testament.

An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine
  • John Henry Newman
  • Published online:
    16 May 2011
    Print publication:
    04 November 2010
    First published in:
    1845
  • John Henry Newman (1801–1890) remains one of the best-known and influential English churchmen of the nineteenth century. Ordained as a priest in the Anglican Church in 1825, he converted to Roman Catholicism, being ordained as a priest and later appointed cardinal. His works include Grammar of Assent (1870) and Apologia Pro Vita Sua (1865–1866) as well as this Essay (1845), written in the midst of his own religious transformation. He discusses his theory of the development of Christian dogma: 'from the nature of the human mind, time is necessary for the full comprehension and perfection of great ideas … the longer time and deeper thought for their full elucidation'. By showing how fidelity to timeless truths coexisted in Christianity together with deeper and more developed understanding over time, Newman provides a helpful personal and theological apology for the teaching and practice of Catholicism against its detractors.

The Epistle of St. James
  • The Greek Text with Introduction, Commentary as Far as Chapter IV, Verse 7, and Additional Notes
  • Edited by Fenton John Anthony Hort
  • Published online:
    16 May 2011
    Print publication:
    26 November 2009
    First published in:
    1909
  • Fenton John Antony Hort (1828–1892) was Professor of Divinity at Cambridge and the editor, with B.F. Westcott, of an influential edition of the Greek New Testament. His detailed commentary on the Greek text of the Epistle (Letter) of St James was left incomplete at his death. When it was published in 1909, the editor wrote 'Each word and phrase and sentence has been examined in the light of the whole available evidence with characteristic freshness, and with a singularly delicate sense both of the meaning of words, and of subtle variations of grammatical structure.' The Introduction situates the Epistle in its New Testament context, and reflects on issues of authorship, reception and content. Hort's scholarly insights remain of interest to modern theologians. His work also bears witness to the strenuous efforts made by late Victorian theologians to create a textual bulwark against the growth of religious scepticism.

The Christian Ecclesia
  • A Course of Lectures on the Early History and Early Conceptions of the Ecclesia, and Four Sermons
  • Fenton John Anthony Hort
  • Published online:
    16 May 2011
    Print publication:
    25 February 2010
    First published in:
    1897
  • This is one of the best-known works of Fenton Hort (1828–1892), Professor of Divinity at Cambridge. Compiled in 1897, it is a posthumous record of a series of lectures delivered by Hort in 1888 and 1889, covering the origins and development of the early Church. Starting with a discussion on the meaning of 'ecclesia', Hort traces church history from the New Testament accounts of the Last Supper and the Resurrection to the problems Christianity faced in the second century. Hort conveys his meaning with absolute clarity, taking a scrupulous, almost scientific approach in his consideration of literary evidence. Four of his sermons are also included, and the book itself stands as a record of the last words spoken in public by Hort. The Christian Ecclesia provides a fascinating account of the beginnings of Christianity and is one of the most significant works by this prolific nineteenth-century theologian.

Christ, St Francis and To-day
  • G. G. Coulton
  • Published online:
    28 April 2011
    Print publication:
    31 October 2010
    First published in:
    1919
  • Medieval historian G. G. Coulton relinquished his own holy orders in 1885 but remained firmly engaged with Christianity. This 1919 collection of lectures is a radical and impassioned discussion of how Christianity must change to meet the needs of post-war society as soldiers return from the trenches. Drawing parallels between the lives of Jesus Christ and St Francis of Assisi, Coulton highlights how ambiguities in the surviving accounts of both men have diverted the original course of their ministry and, with it, the objectives and outlook of the church. The author also takes on the weaknesses in both Catholic and agnostic arguments and advocates a simplifying and democratisation of Christianity and the resolving of denominational differences. Included alongside the lectures is the author's comprehensive response to a number of questions raised by the original lecture series which provides a useful conclusion to the controversial anti-Catholic's plea for religious modernisation.

The Bible in Spain
  • Or, the Journeys, Adventures, and Imprisonments of an Englishman in an Attempt to Circulate the Scriptures in the Peninsula
  • Volume 3
  • George Henry Borrow
  • Published online:
    21 April 2011
    Print publication:
    01 April 2010
    First published in:
    1843
  • George Borrow (1803–1881) was a British author, adventurer, and agent of the Bible Society whose journeys in the mid-nineteenth century took him to both Russia and Spain. His experiences are reflected in books including The Zincali (1841) and his best-known publication, The Bible in Spain (1843). Described by Borrow as 'the journey, adventures, and imprisonment of an Englishman in an attempt to circulate the scriptures in the peninsula', it is mostly a compilation of his voluminous correspondence with the Bible Society. This third volume includes the story of Borrow's arrest and imprisonment for his efforts at distributing the New Testament. The book, at once an exotic travelogue and a document revealing the religious tensions of the period, was enthusiastically received by early Victorian readers.

Apologia Pro Vita Sua
  • Being a Reply to a Pamphlet Entitled ‘What, Then, Does Dr Newman Mean?’
  • John Henry Newman
  • Published online:
    21 April 2011
    Print publication:
    28 October 2010
    First published in:
    1864
  • John Henry Newman (1801–1890) was an English priest and theologian, whose highly publicised and controversial conversion to Catholicism helped to dispel prejudice towards Catholics in Victorian society. After graduating from Trinity College, Oxford, Newman was ordained as an Anglican deacon in 1824. He gradually became more conservative in his beliefs, becoming a member of the Oxford Movement before converting to Catholicism and being received into the Roman Catholic Church in 1845; he was made a cardinal in 1879. This volume, first published in 1864, contains Newman's classic religious autobiography. Writing in response to a perceived attack on Catholicism by historian and novelist Charles Kingsley, Newman describes his changing religious beliefs between 1833 and 1845 and discusses his spiritual motivations for converting. Newman's emotional sensitivity and clear style ensured the popularity of this volume, which was extremely influential in establishing him as the leading exponent of Catholicism in Victorian England.

The Bible in Spain
  • Or, the Journeys, Adventures, and Imprisonments of an Englishman in an Attempt to Circulate the Scriptures in the Peninsula
  • Volume 2
  • George Henry Borrow
  • Published online:
    12 April 2011
    Print publication:
    01 April 2010
    First published in:
    1843
  • George Borrow (1803–1881) was a British author, adventurer, and agent of the Bible Society whose journeys in the mid-nineteenth century took him to both Russia and Spain. His experiences are reflected in books including The Zincali (1841) and his best-known publication, The Bible in Spain (1843). Described by Borrow as 'the journey, adventures, and imprisonment of an Englishman in an attempt to circulate the scriptures in the peninsula', it is mostly a compilation of his voluminous correspondence with the Bible Society. In this second volume, Borrow discusses his efforts to publish and distribute the New Testament among Spanish Catholics. The book, at once an exotic travelogue and a document revealing the religious tensions of the period, was enthusiastically received by early Victorian readers.

The Bible in Spain
  • Or, the Journeys, Adventures, and Imprisonments of an Englishman in an Attempt to Circulate the Scriptures in the Peninsula
  • Volume 1
  • George Henry Borrow
  • Published online:
    12 April 2011
    Print publication:
    01 April 2010
    First published in:
    1843
  • George Borrow (1803–1881) was a British author, adventurer, and agent of the Bible Society whose journeys in the mid-nineteenth century took him to both Russia and Spain. His experiences are reflected in books including The Zincali (1841) and his best-known publication, The Bible in Spain (1843). Described by Borrow as 'the journey, adventures, and imprisonment of an Englishman in an attempt to circulate the scriptures in the peninsula', it is mostly a compilation of his voluminous correspondence with the Bible Society. In this first volume, Borrow describes his arrival at Lisbon, his impressions of cities including Madrid and Cordoba and his interactions with the local population, including Gypsies, whose culture he found particularly fascinating. The book, at once an exotic travelogue and a document revealing the religious tensions of the period, was enthusiastically received by early Victorian readers.

Novum Testamentum Graece
  • Textum ad Fidem Codicum Versionum et Patrum Recensuit et Lectionis Varietatem Adjecit D. Jo. Jac. Griesbach
  • Volume 1, 4 Evangelia
  • Edited by Johann Jacob Griesbach
  • Published online:
    04 April 2011
    Print publication:
    11 February 2010
    First published in:
    1796
  • This is the second edition, co-published in Halle and London in 1796 and 1806, of Griesbach's two-volume Novum Testamentum Graece, which first appeared in 1774–1775. A professor of the New Testament at the University of Jena in Germany, Griesbach is regarded as one of the founding fathers of modern textual criticism of the Bible. Griesbach's pioneering theory was to group different versions of New Testament texts into three families - Western, Alexandrian, and Constantinopolitan - based on a set of fifteen criteria. He set out these rules in an important addition to the Latin Prolegomena of Volume 1 of the second edition. Volume 1 contains the complete gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John.

The Greek New Testament
  • Edited from Ancient Authorities, with their Various Readings in Full, and the Latin Version of Jerome
  • Volume 2, Luke–John
  • Edited by Samuel Prideaux Tregelles
  • Published online:
    01 March 2011
    Print publication:
    14 January 2010
    First published in:
    1861
  • Samuel Prideaux Tregelles (1813–1875) was a Cornish-born Biblical scholar who travelled to major libraries all over Europe in order to study ancient manuscripts. Biblical textual criticism was a burgeoning new field in the mid-nineteenth century, with leading scholars including Lachmann and Tischendorf in Germany and Tregelles' contemporaries Scrivener, Westcott and Hort in England all working towards the ideal of a more authoritative Greek New Testament text than had previously been available. Volume 2 (1861) of Tregelles' landmark seven-volume edition begins with a description of the many manuscripts consulted. Tregelles refers to the anticipated publication of the Codex Sinaiticus described by Tischendorf, and to the work of Hort and Westcott. This volume contains the Greek text of the Gospels of Luke and John together with Jerome's Latin Vulgate text, indications of manuscripts used, Biblical cross-references, and a full critical apparatus.

The Greek New Testament
  • Edited from Ancient Authorities, with their Various Readings in Full, and the Latin Version of Jerome
  • Volume 1, Matthew–Mark
  • Edited by Samuel Prideaux Tregelles
  • Published online:
    28 February 2011
    Print publication:
    14 January 2010
    First published in:
    1857
  • Samuel Prideaux Tregelles (1813–1875) was a Cornish-born Biblical scholar who travelled to major libraries all over Europe to study ancient manuscripts. Biblical textual criticism was a burgeoning new field in the mid-nineteenth century, with leading scholars including Lachmann and Tischendorf in Germany and Tregelles' contemporaries Scrivener, Westcott and Hort in England all working towards the ideal of a more authoritative Greek New Testament text than had previously been available. Tregelles begins Volume 1 (1857) of his seven-volume edition with an explanation of his editorial principles and a description of the many manuscripts consulted, whether whole codices or separate leaves. This volume contains the Gospels of Matthew and Mark. As well as the Greek text, each page has Jerome's Latin Vulgate text in the right margin, indications of manuscripts used and Biblical cross-references in the left margin, and a full textual apparatus at the foot.

Evolution and Religion
  • Volume 1, Part I. Eight Sermons, Discussing the Bearings of the Evolutionary Philosophy on the Fundamental Doctrines of Evangelical Christianity
  • Henry Ward Beecher
  • Published online:
    10 November 2010
    Print publication:
    20 July 2009
    First published in:
    1885
  • Henry Ward Beecher, a nineteenth-century American Congregationalist pastor and journal editor, was a renowned public speaker active in campaigns against slavery and for social reform. He was an advocate of the theory of evolution and firmly believed that Christianity should adapt itself in the face of change. Volume 1 of Evolution and Religion (published in two volumes in 1885, two years before his death) is a compilation of his lectures defending the science of evolution. In them, he discusses the implications of the 'new' evolutionary philosophy for various key Christian doctrines such as the divine nature, human sinfulness, the inspiration of the Bible, and divine providence, and asserts that change will only help and not hinder religious thought. Beecher's charisma, enthusiasm and flamboyant oratory is evident even in print, and this book stands as a lasting testimony to this influential activist and thinker.

A Full and Exact Collation of About Twenty Greek Manuscripts of the Holy Gospels
  • Deposited in the British Museum, the Archiepiscopal Library at Lambeth
  • Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener
  • Published online:
    10 November 2010
    Print publication:
    26 November 2009
    First published in:
    1853
  • The first major publication by the distinguished biblical scholar Frederick Henry Scrivener, this is a collation of twenty-three Greek manuscripts of the gospels. The Greek text is preceded by detailed introductory chapters in English, illustrating Scrivener's criteria for selecting the manuscripts, the methods he adopted to edit and collate the texts, and his critique of contemporary biblical scholarship. The introduction also provides comprehensive background information for each of the manuscripts, including details on location, condition and the likely date of origin, and offering valuable context for any study of the texts. First published in 1853, at a time when many ancient manuscripts were being rediscovered, this landmark book will fascinate all those interested in biblical textual studies and the history of the Greek Bible.

The Old Testament in Greek
  • According to the Text of Codex Vaticanus, Supplemented from Other Uncial Manuscripts, with a Critical Apparatus Containing the Variants of the Chief Ancient Authorities for the Text of the Septuagint
  • Volume 2
  • Edited by Alan England Brooke
  • Published online:
    05 October 2010
    Print publication:
    25 February 2010
    First published in:
    1906
  • This incomplete, early twentieth-century edition was one of the first modern attempts to bring textual criticism to bear on the Septuagint, the Greek version of the Hebrew scriptures which originated in the third century BCE. It is still widely consulted today. Originally issued in nine parts between 1906 and 1940, this reissue is bound in four volumes. This, the second volume, contains the books of Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges and Ruth. Following Swete's smaller Septuagint (1887–1894) the running text is that of Codex Vaticanus (B) supplemented by Codex Alexandrinus (A) or another uncial when B is defective. The edition provides an extensive critical apparatus, taking account of numerous uncial manuscripts, fragments and palimpsests, over sixty cursive manuscripts, a sample lectionary, early daughter versions of the Septuagint, including the Armenian, Bohairic, Sahidic, Ethiopian, Old Latin, Palestinian Aramaic, and Syro-hexapla, and a wide range of Patristic quotations.

The Acts of the Apostles
  • Being the Greek Text as Revised by Drs Westcott and Hort
  • Fenton John Anthony Hort
  • Edited by Brooke Foss Westcott, Thomas Ethelbert Page
  • Published online:
    05 October 2010
    Print publication:
    25 February 2010
    First published in:
    1886
  • This annotated edition of The Acts of The Apostles was prepared for classroom use by Thomas Ethelbert Page, a schoolmaster at Charterhouse, and published in 1886. The text is taken directly from the critical edition of the New Testament in Greek published by Fenton Hort and Brooke Westcott in 1881, the most authoritative version then available. Page's extensive annotations (over two hundred pages to accompany seventy pages of text) aimed to provide an explanation of the Greek text free of doctrinal discussions and moral reflections, unlike most existing commentaries which Page found 'quite unadapted for practical work with boys'. Page endeavoured to make the translation process as straightforward as possible and his extensive commentary offers a clear and simple understanding of the text. His book is still a useful guide for those approaching the Greek text for the first time.

Memoir of Henry Venn, B. D.
  • Prebendary of St Paul's, and Honorary Secretary of the Church Missionary Society
  • William Knight
  • Published online:
    05 October 2010
    Print publication:
    25 February 2010
    First published in:
    1880
  • Henry Venn (1796–1873) was an Anglican clergyman who, like his father and grandfather before him, was influential in the evangelical movement and campaigned for social reform, eradication of the slave trade, and better education and economic progress in the British colonies so as to enable them to become responsible for their own affairs. Venn was Secretary of the Church Missionary Society from 1841 to 1873, and alongside practical training and appointment of missionaries and ministers he spent time developing a theology of mission and principles for its practice. This book, published in its second edition in 1881, was edited by William Knight who had access to Venn's private journals and correspondence (from which he used substantial quotations), and met Venn's niece, who provided the portrait of her uncle used as the frontispiece of the book. The appendix contains some of Venn's own accounts of his early missionary work.

Page 9 of 13