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The discovery of material remains from the recent or the ancient past has always been a source of fascination, but the development of archaeology as an academic discipline which interpreted such finds is relatively recent. It was the work of Winckelmann at Pompeii in the 1760s which first revealed the potential of systematic excavation to scholars and the wider public. Pioneering figures of the nineteenth century such as Schliemann, Layard and Petrie transformed archaeology from a search for ancient artifacts, by means as crude as using gunpowder to break into a tomb, to a science which drew from a wide range of disciplines - ancient languages and literature, geology, chemistry, social history - to increase our understanding of human life and society in the remote past.

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150 results in Cambridge Library Collection - Archaeology

Page 5 of 8

Ancient Stone Implements, Weapons, and Ornaments, of Great Britain
  • John Evans
  • Published online:
    05 June 2015
    Print publication:
    05 March 2015
    First published in:
    1872
  • Combining a very active career as a prosperous paper manufacturer with the pursuit of various antiquarian interests, Sir John Evans (1823–1908) began the study of geology in the context of a court case over water rights for his paper mills, but extended his interests to the artefacts found in gravel beds in Britain, and in the Somme valley in France. This work was published in 1872, and was translated into French soon afterwards. Heavily illustrated, it describes stone implements from the Palaeolithic and Neolithic periods, including weapons, tools and ornaments, from cave and river-bed deposits as well as settlement sites. Evans also continued to research fossils, and was highly respected as a numismatist. He was a fellow of the Royal Society, the Geological Society, and the Society of Antiquaries. His son Arthur Evans (1851–1941) discovered the Minoan civilisation of Crete.

Christian Inscriptions in the Irish Language
  • Chiefly Collected and Drawn by George Petrie
  • Volume 1
  • George Petrie
  • Edited by Margaret Stokes
  • Published online:
    05 September 2015
    Print publication:
    26 March 2015
    First published in:
    1872
  • George Petrie (1790–1866) grew up in Dublin, where he trained as an artist. He became fascinated by Irish antiquities and travelled around the country studying ancient sites while working for the Ordnance Survey of Ireland and the Royal Irish Academy. He won awards for his publications on art and architecture, including the influential The Ecclesiastical Architecture of Ireland, Anterior to the Anglo-Norman Invasion (1845), which is also reissued in this series. This collection of Irish-language inscriptions was edited after Petrie's death by Margaret Stokes (1832–1900), the archaeologist daughter of his friend William Stokes, and published in two volumes between 1872 and 1878. Volume 1 is devoted to the important early medieval monastery at Clonmacnoise. It opens with an essay on the historical background, and contains drawings of over 170 inscriptions connected with the monastery. Each is accompanied by notes on its subject, date, script, decoration and linguistic features.

Ithaka, der Peloponnes und Troja
  • Archäologische Forschungen
  • Heinrich Schliemann
  • Published online:
    05 August 2011
    Print publication:
    22 July 2010
    First published in:
    1869
  • Where is Troy? For Heinrich Schliemann (1822–1890) the search for its exact location became a consuming passion. In 1869, when this book was first published, the existence of a real - as opposed to mythical - Troy was still disputed. The wealthy German businessman, linguist and speculator journeyed to Greece and Asia Minor in order to undertake excavations well before archaeology developed into a modern, scientific profession. This book describes his first expedition in 1868 to Corfu, Cephalonia, the Peloponnese and Ithaca. Schliemann was convinced that the mound of Hissarlik in Turkey was the site of Troy, and the golden artifacts of his 'treasury of Priam' persuaded the public of its historicity, though his destructive methods of excavation caused extensive damage to the site. Schliemann returned to Troy several times during the course of his career and published further books (also reissued in this series) about his discoveries.

The Life and Labours in Art and Archaeology, of George Petrie
  • William Stokes
  • Published online:
    05 June 2015
    Print publication:
    20 November 2014
    First published in:
    1868
  • The antiquary and artist George Petrie (1790–1866) was one of the founding fathers of Irish archaeology. Having trained since childhood with his painter father, he began to travel around the country, sketching landscapes, monuments and ruins. He later worked for the Royal Irish Academy, and then for the Ordnance Survey, organising the publication of essays on the historical monuments it mapped. His interests extended from architecture and ecclesiastical history to ancient music and Irish wolfhounds, and he was at the forefront of efforts to preserve endangered historic buildings. In particular, his studies of the round towers of Ireland successfully demolished many myths about their building and purpose. This biography, published in 1868, was written by his friend and companion on many antiquarian expeditions, William Stokes (1804–78), the distinguished physician who was one of the first to introduce Laënnec's stethoscope into the British Isles.

Biblical Researches in Palestine and the Adjacent Regions
  • A Journal of Travels in the Years 1838 and 1852
  • Volume 2
  • Edward Robinson, Eli Smith
  • Published online:
    05 September 2015
    Print publication:
    02 April 2015
    First published in:
    1867
  • American philologist Edward Robinson (1794–1863) is considered a founding figure in the field of biblical geography and archaeology. In 1838 he explored Palestine with Eli Smith (1801–57), a Yale graduate and Protestant missionary, and co-author of Missionary Researches in Armenia (also reissued in this series). Smith had settled in Beirut and was proficient in Arabic. The authors succeeded in identifying many biblical locations, and the original edition of their book, structured as a travel journal, was published in 1841. It was awarded the gold medal of the Royal Geographical Society the following year. Robinson and Smith returned to Palestine in 1852 and published an enlarged edition in 1856. This reissue is of the 1857 third edition, which was slightly abridged but contained new maps and plans. Volume 2 describes their visits to Gaza, Hebron, Nazareth, Tyre and Beirut, and the religious communities of the region, Christian and Muslim.

Biblical Researches in Palestine and the Adjacent Regions
  • A Journal of Travels in the Years 1838 and 1852
  • Volume 1
  • Edward Robinson, Eli Smith
  • Published online:
    05 September 2015
    Print publication:
    02 April 2015
    First published in:
    1867
  • American philologist Edward Robinson (1794–1863) is considered a founding figure in the field of biblical geography and archaeology. In 1838 he explored Palestine with Eli Smith (1801–57), a Yale graduate and Protestant missionary, and co-author of Missionary Researches in Armenia (also reissued in this series). Smith had settled in Beirut and was proficient in Arabic. The authors succeeded in identifying many biblical locations, and the original edition of their book, structured as a travel journal, was published in 1841. It was awarded the gold medal of the Royal Geographical Society the following year. Robinson and Smith returned to Palestine in 1852 and published an enlarged edition in 1856. This reissue is of the 1857 third edition, which was slightly abridged but contained new maps and plans. Volume 1 includes lively accounts of Cairo, Suez, Mount Sinai and Jerusalem, accompanied by historical background and topographical details.

Biblical Researches in Palestine and the Adjacent Regions
  • A Journal of Travels in the Years 1838 and 1852
  • Volume 3
  • Edward Robinson, Eli Smith
  • Published online:
    05 September 2015
    Print publication:
    02 April 2015
    First published in:
    1867
  • American philologist Edward Robinson (1794–1863) is considered a founding figure in the field of biblical geography and archaeology. In 1838 he explored Palestine with Eli Smith (1801–57), a Yale graduate and Protestant missionary, and co-author of Missionary Researches in Armenia (also reissued in this series). Smith had settled in Beirut and was proficient in Arabic. The authors succeeded in identifying many biblical locations, and the original edition of their book, structured as a travel journal, was published in 1841. It was awarded the gold medal of the Royal Geographical Society the following year. Robinson and Smith returned to Palestine in 1852 and published an enlarged edition in 1856. This reissue is of the 1857 third edition, which was slightly abridged but contained new maps and plans. Volume 3 covers Robinson's 1852 itinerary through Beirut, Galilee, Samaria, Jerusalem and Damascus, again with detailed accounts of topography, history and architecture.

Travels and Discoveries in the Levant
  • Volume 2
  • Charles Thomas Newton
  • Published online:
    17 March 2011
    Print publication:
    26 August 2010
    First published in:
    1865
  • C. T. Newton (1816–1894) was a British archaeologist whose great interest was in Greek and Roman artefacts. He studied at Christ Church, Oxford, before joining the British Museum as an assistant in the Antiquities Department. Newton left the Museum in 1852 to explore the coasts and islands of Asia Minor, returning in 1861 as Keeper of the Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities. First published in 1865, these volumes contain an account of his travels and archaeological investigations around the Aegean and the coast of Turkey between 1852 and 1859. Using a series of letters written during his travels, Newton describes his archaeological discoveries together with valuable observations on contemporary Greek and Turkish culture. He also provides an account of his excavation of the tomb of Mausolus of Halicarnassus, one of the Seven Wonders of the ancient world. Volume 2 describes his discovery and excavation of this legendary building.

Travels and Discoveries in the Levant
  • Volume 1
  • Charles Thomas Newton
  • Published online:
    05 March 2012
    Print publication:
    26 August 2010
    First published in:
    1865
  • C. T. Newton (1816–1894) was a British archaeologist whose great interest was in Greek and Roman artefacts. He studied at Christ Church, Oxford, before joining the British Museum as an assistant in the Antiquities Department. Newton left the Museum in 1852 to explore the coasts and islands of Asia Minor, returning in 1861 as Keeper of the Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities. First published in 1865, these volumes contain an account of his travels and archaeological investigations around the Aegean and the coast of Turkey between 1852 and 1859. Using a series of letters written during his travels, Newton describes his archaeological discoveries together with valuable observations on contemporary Greek and Turkish culture. He also provides an account of his excavation of the tomb of Mausolus of Halicarnassus, one of the Seven Wonders of the ancient world. Volume 1, covering 1852–1855, contains descriptions of Athens and the Aegean.

Lake Habitations and Pre-Historic Remains in the Turbaries and Marl-Beds of Northern and Central Italy
  • Bartolomeo Gastaldi
  • Translated by Charles Harcourt Chambers
  • Published online:
    05 June 2015
    Print publication:
    12 March 2015
    First published in:
    1865
  • The son of a Turin lawyer, Bartolomeo Gastaldi (1818–79) initially followed in his father's footsteps but then abandoned the law to pursue his passion for geology and palaeontology. Later one of the founders of the Italian Alpine Club, Gastaldi was especially interested in the geology and glaciology of the Alps in his native Piedmont. The mineral gastaldite is named after him. This work, first published in Italian in 1862, is reissued here in the 1865 English translation prepared by Charles Harcourt Chambers (1826–76) for the Anthropological Society of London. Its importance lies in the meticulous descriptions, by Gastaldi and others, of the human remains and artefacts discovered at Stone Age and Bronze Age settlements on the site of lakes and peat bogs to the south of the Alps. Featuring engraved illustrations throughout, the work also includes Gastaldi's summary of discoveries since his book's first appearance.

Pre-historic Times as Illustrated by Ancient Remains, and the Manners and Customs of Modern Savages
  • John Lubbock
  • Published online:
    07 September 2011
    Print publication:
    26 August 2010
    First published in:
    1865
  • Sir John Lubbock (1834–1915) was an English banker who was fascinated with biology and archaeology. He was a close friend of Charles Darwin and a prolific writer who made influential contributions to both of these fields, being appointed the President of the Linnaean Society between 1881–1886. First published in 1865, it was written as a textbook of prehistoric archaeology. It became one of the most influential and popular archaeological books of the nineteenth century, being reissued in seven editions between 1865 and 1913. In this volume Lubbock develops an evolutionary interpretation of archaeology, using prehistoric material remains as evidence that human cultures become more sophisticated over time. He also introduces the division of prehistory, coining the terms Palaeolithic and Neolithic to subdivide the Stone Age. Lubbock's interpretation of cultural evolution was an extremely influential social theory which was widely adopted by contemporary archaeologists and anthropologists.

The Holy Sepulchre and the Temple at Jerusalem
  • Being the Substance of Two Lectures, Delivered in the Royal Institution
  • James Fergusson
  • Published online:
    05 June 2015
    Print publication:
    01 January 2015
    First published in:
    1865
  • Born in Scotland, James Fergusson (1808–86) spent ten years as an indigo planter in India before embarking upon a second career as an architectural historian. Despite his lack of formal training, he became an expert in the field of Indian architecture. The topography and temples of ancient Jerusalem also fascinated him. This 1865 collection of two lectures summarises his controversial topographical and architectural argument that the location where Constantine erected the original Holy Sepulchre was the Dome of the Rock on the Temple Mount. Fergusson then describes the Temple in its successive forms, arguing against the view that the rock known as the foundation stone was the site of the Jewish altar. The work is illustrated throughout with plans and drawings. Fergusson's Cave Temples of India (1880) and the two-volume revised edition of his History of Indian and Eastern Architecture (1910) are also reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection.

Antiquités Celtiques et Antédiluviennes
  • Mémoire Sur L'industrie Primitive et Les Arts à Leur Origine
  • Volume 3
  • Jacques Boucher de Perthes
  • Published online:
    11 April 2011
    Print publication:
    26 August 2010
    First published in:
    1864
  • Amateur geologist and archaeologist, Boucher de Perthes (1788–1868) was the first to establish the existence of man in Europe in the Pleistocene period. Although his three-volume work resulted from over ten years of excavations in the gravel pits of the Somme Valley, Boucher de Perthes' assertions were doubted by contemporaries. His conclusion was based on the simultaneous discovery of flint tools and human remains. These doubts appeared justified when a human jaw uncovered during one of his excavations turned out to be a hoax. De Perthes' findings later received support from the British Royal Society, sparking an explosion of scientific research on evolution. De Perthes was elected an officer of the Légion d'Honneur, and served as President of the Société d'Emulation d'Abbeville (Competitiveness Society) for seventeen years. Published in Paris, 1864, volume 3 includes results from further excavations, and articles by leading French and British scientists.

Prehistoric Annals of Scotland
  • Volume 2
  • Daniel Wilson
  • Published online:
    05 October 2013
    Print publication:
    18 April 2013
    First published in:
    1863
  • Born in Edinburgh, Daniel Wilson (1816–92) planned on becoming a painter and spent time working in Turner's studio. But in 1842 he became secretary of the Society of Antiquaries in Scotland and devoted the rest of his life to archaeology, anthropology and university administration. This two-volume work, first published in 1851, brought him to immediate academic attention. Carrying out pioneering work of scientific archaeology, Wilson brought the very word 'prehistoric' into use in English for the first time. And although a devout Christian, he accepted the theory of evolution, unlike many of his contemporaries. Split into four periods, the work is richly illustrated, with many of the illustrations created by the author himself. For this second edition, published in 1863, Wilson updated his work to reflect recent discoveries. Volume 2 continues through the Roman and early Christian periods.

The Wallet-Book of the Roman Wall
  • A Guide to Pilgrims Journeying along the Barrier of the Lower Isthmus
  • John Collingwood Bruce
  • Published online:
    05 June 2015
    Print publication:
    11 December 2014
    First published in:
    1863
  • After the success of his 1851 book on the Roman Wall (also reissued in this series), in 1863 John Collingwood Bruce (1805–92) published this shorter work, intended as 'a guide to pilgrims journeying along the Barrier of the Lower Isthmus'. Designed 'for the field, not the library table', it sought 'to inform the traveller what he is to look for, and to assist him in examining it'. Bruce first gives a short history of the wall, including medieval and more recent accounts, and then an overview of the 73-mile structure itself, from Wallsend in the east to Bowness in the west. The remainder of the book, illustrated with maps and line engravings, leads the traveller from section to section, noting details such as the re-use of Roman masonry in more recent buildings. This guide was enormously popular, and newly revised versions continue to be published in the twenty-first century.

Prehistoric Annals of Scotland
  • Volume 1
  • Daniel Wilson
  • Published online:
    05 October 2013
    Print publication:
    18 April 2013
    First published in:
    1863
  • Born in Edinburgh, Daniel Wilson (1816–92) planned on becoming a painter and spent time working in Turner's studio. But in 1842 he became secretary of the Society of Antiquaries in Scotland and devoted the rest of his life to archaeology, anthropology and university administration. This two-volume work, first published in 1851, brought him to immediate academic attention. Carrying out pioneering work of scientific archaeology, Wilson brought the very word 'prehistoric' into use in English for the first time. And although a devout Christian, he accepted the theory of evolution, unlike many of his contemporaries. Split into four periods, the work is richly illustrated, with many of the illustrations created by the author himself. For this second edition, published in 1863, Wilson updated his work to reflect recent discoveries. Volume 1 looks at the earliest human settlers up to the Bronze Age.

Expédition scientifique en Mésopotamie
  • Exécutée par ordre du gouvernement de 1851 à 1854 par MM. Fulgence Fresnel, Félix Thomas, et Jules Oppert
  • Volume 1
  • Julius Oppert
  • Published online:
    05 June 2015
    Print publication:
    20 November 2014
    First published in:
    1863
  • Born in Hamburg to Jewish parents, Julius Oppert (1825–1905) later moved to France, where he established a reputation as a remarkably gifted Assyriologist, making significant contributions to the decipherment of cuneiform Akkadian. Between 1851 and 1854, he accompanied the orientalist Fulgence Fresnel (1795–1855) on the French expedition to Mesopotamia. In recognition of his role, involving important excavations at the site of the ancient city of Babylon, Oppert was granted French citizenship. In May 1855, however, a great many of the discovered antiquities were lost when the raft transporting them sank in the Tigris under the weight of its priceless cargo. The present work appeared in two volumes between 1859 and 1863; the publication of the second volume preceded that of the first, as Oppert prioritised the analysis of the cuneiform inscriptions. Volume 1 (1863) contains an account of the journey and the archaeological results.

A History of Discoveries at Halicarnassus, Cnidus and Branchidae
  • Volume 2, Part 2
  • Charles Thomas Newton, Richard Popplewell Pullan
  • Published online:
    05 November 2011
    Print publication:
    24 February 2011
    First published in:
    1863
  • Charles Thomas Newton (1816–1894) was a British archaeologist specialising in Greek and Roman artefacts. He studied at Christ Church, Oxford before joining the British Museum. Newton left the Museum in 1852 to explore the coast of Asia Minor, and in 1856 he discovered the remains of the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, one of the seven ancient wonders of the world. This study, first published in 1862, contains Newton's descriptions of the archaeological excavations of the Mausoleum and other sites. Compiled from Newton's official reports, this detailed account of the archaeological procedures used in his excavation and the artefacts he found provides valuable insights into mid-nineteenth-century practice. The original edition included a large volume of plates, which it is not feasible to reproduce at this time. However the information in the text volumes is of sufficient importance to merit their reissue independently. Part 2 contains descriptions of Cnidus.

Prehistoric Man
  • Researches into the Origin of Civilisation in the Old and the New World
  • Volume 1
  • Daniel Wilson
  • Published online:
    05 December 2015
    Print publication:
    15 November 2012
    First published in:
    1862
  • The Scottish archaeologist and anthropologist Daniel Wilson (1816–92) spent the latter part of his life in Canada. Published in 1862, this is a seminal work in the study of early man in which Wilson utilises studies of native tribes 'still seen there in a condition which seems to reproduce some of the most familiar phases ascribed to the infancy of the unhistoric world'. He believed that civilisations initially developed in mild climates and judged the Mayans to have been the most advanced civilisation in the New World. Twentieth-century anthropologist Bruce Trigger argued that Wilson 'interpreted evidence about human behaviour in a way that is far more in accord with modern thinking than are the racist views of Darwin and Lubbock', and it is in this light that this two-volume work can be judged. Volume 1 covers such important areas as the development and use of metals and 'the architectural instinct'.

Ephesus, and the Temple of Diana
  • Edward Falkener
  • Published online:
    05 June 2015
    Print publication:
    12 March 2015
    First published in:
    1862
  • The English architect and archaeologist Edward Falkener (1814–96) spent a fortnight sketching the ancient ruins of Ephesus during his trip through Anatolia in the 1840s. In Part I of this 1862 publication, he tries to reconstruct the architectural features of Ephesian buildings, tracing the history of the city. Falkener's accomplished sketches and layouts display his artistic talent, which won him the grand medal of honour at the Paris Universal Exhibition in 1855. Part II focuses on the Temple of Artemis, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. Falkener surveys ancient writings relating to the Greek temple, which still awaited rediscovery at that time. Although his speculations about the location of the temple were later proven wrong by John Turtle Wood, who correctly identified the site in 1869 (his 1877 account is also reissued in this series), Falkener's work added to the Victorian interest in ancient architecture.

Page 5 of 8