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Although it is widely recognised that many concepts central to Kant's ethics have a Stoic provenance, there has still been relatively little close scholarly examination of the significance of Stoic ethics for the development of Kant's philosophy over the Critical period and beyond. This volume brings together an intellectually diverse group of scholars from classics and philosophy to advance our understanding of this topic, taking up questions about the transmission of Stoic philosophy in Kant's intellectual context, the quality of Kant's own understanding of Stoicism, his transformation of some of its central ideas, and the topic's significance to what remains vital about Stoic and Kantian ethics today. The volume will interest those working on the history of philosophy, the nature of rationality, the philosophy of action, moral psychology, and virtue theory.
Rap has remapped the way we think about music. For more than fifty years its poetics, performance and political power has resonated across the globe. This Companion offers an array of perspectives on the form, from the fields of sociology, linguistics, musicology, psychology, literary studies, education and law, unpacking how this versatile form of oral communication has permeated nearly every aspect of daily life. Taking a decidedly global perspective, these accounts draw from practice in Australia, China, France, Germany, Jamaica, India and Tanzania; exploring how the form has taken hold in particular contexts, and what this can tell us about the medium itself and the environments in which it was repurposed. An indispensable resource for students and researchers, the collection provides an introduction to global rap studies as well as insights into the some of the most important and exciting new developments in this field.
In an empire such as Byzantium, where the large urban centres monopolised cultural activity and literary creation, writing texts in praise of local saints offered a noteworthy incentive for literary expression on the periphery. Between the establishment of Christianity on the island in the fourth century and its passing from Byzantine to Frankish rule in the thirteenth, Cyprus saw a significant number of hagiographical texts dedicated to its bishop saints and defending the claims and privileges of its Church. This book offers the first systematic study of this body of texts, inquiring into their literary background and engagement both with contemporary Mediterranean history and with issues specifically affecting Cyprus. It also draws attention to hagiographical texts written in later times as reflecting the enduring interest of Byzantine Christianity in the saints of Cyprus, whose cult had by then acquired a universal appeal.
Ling Li unveils the often-hidden inner workings of the Party as the ruler of a party-state. The Party has crafted and relied on an integrated regulatory system, where politics and law are fused, to govern both its internal operations and its relations with the state. Drawing on two decades of in-depth research, Li delves into the “black box” of decision-making in the Party-state, analysing the motivations and strategies driven individual and institutional choices in corruption, anti-corruption investigation, and power struggles at the Politburo. This insightful book reveals the critical role of rules and institutions within the Party, illuminates the complex relationship between corruption and regime stability, and captures the evolving dynamics of the Party-state relations. A must-read for students, academics, business leaders, and policymakers alike, this book is a vital guide for anyone who seeks a nuanced understanding of law, politics and governance in China and its global implications.
To make sense of data and use it effectively, it is essential to know where it comes from and how it has been processed and used. This is the domain of paradata, an emerging interdisciplinary field with wide applications. As digital data rapidly accumulates in repositories worldwide, this comprehensive introductory book, the first of its kind, shows how to make that data accessible and reusable. In addition to covering basic concepts of paradata, the book supports practice with coverage of methods for generating, documenting, identifying and managing paradata, including formal metadata, narrative descriptions and qualitative and quantitative backtracking. The book also develops a unifying reference model to help readers contextualise the role of paradata within a wider system of knowledge, practices and processes, and provides a vision for the future of the field. This guide to general principles and practice is ideal for researchers, students and data managers.
Drawing on insights from sociology and new institutional economics, Extralegal Governance provides the first comprehensive account of China's illegal markets by applying a socio-economic approach. It considers social legitimacy and state repression in examining the nature of illegal markets. It examines how power dynamics and varying levels of punishment shape exchange relationships between buyers and sellers. It identifies context-specific risks and explains how private individuals and organizations address these risks by developing extralegal governance institutions to facilitate social cooperation across various illegal markets. Adopting a multiple-case study design to sample China's illegal markets, this book utilizes four cases - street vending, small-property-rights housing, corrupt exchanges, and online loan sharks - to examine how market participants foster cooperation and social order in illegal markets.
For decades, Americans have debated why our students consistently score lower than their peers in other developed countries. While most debates have focused on school spending, curriculum, teacher quality, and teachers' unions, No Adult Left Behind argues that local democratic control is the root of the problem. Elected school boards govern local school districts, but only adults vote in local elections – most of whom don't have children or care about academics. This leads to educational debates that are centered around issues that adults care most about, such as partisanship, identity politics, property values, and employment concerns, while the needs of students get left behind. In identifying the misalignment between the interests of school children and the political and policy agendas of the adults who control education, No Adult Left Behind stands to become a landmark study on modern education politics.
Statistical mechanics employs the power of probability theory to shine a light upon the invisible world of matter's fundamental constituents, allowing us to accurately model the macroscopic physical properties of large ensembles of microscopic particles. This book delves into the conceptual and mathematical foundations of statistical mechanics to enhance understanding of complex physical systems and thermodynamic phenomena, whilst also providing a solid mathematical basis for further study and research in this important field. Readers will embark on a journey through important historical experiments in statistical physics and thermodynamics, exploring their intersection with modern applications, such as the thermodynamics of stars and the entropy associated with the mixing of two substances. An invaluable resource for students and researchers in physics and mathematics, this text provides numerous worked examples and exercises with full solutions, reinforcing key theoretical concepts and offering readers deeper insight into how these powerful tools are applied.
Volume III of The Cambridge History of War covers the early modern world, offering a four-hundred-year perspective from the last Eurasian nomadic empires to the advent of ironclad, steam-driven warships in the mid-nineteenth century. Together, the chapters cover the rise of professional armies and purpose-built warships in Europe; the evolution of military societies in the great Islamic empires; the vicissitudes of Ming and Qing military organization and that of their Asian neighbours; and the raising and maintaining of armies in Africa and the Americas. Numerous processes of imperial expansion, both on land of sea, are examined, as are the processes of global confrontation and interchange across different military systems. Technology, organization, finance, and military cultures are each explored from a broad perspective. Bringing together an impressive team of experts in their fields, the volume provides a comprehensive and accessible history of war from 1450–1850.
With an emphasis on timeless essential mathematical background for optimization, this textbook provides a comprehensive and accessible introduction to convex optimization for students in applied mathematics, computer science, and engineering. Authored by two influential researchers, the book covers both convex analysis basics and modern topics such as conic programming, conic representations of convex sets, and cone-constrained convex problems, providing readers with a solid, up-to-date understanding of the field. By excluding modeling and algorithms, the authors are able to discuss the theoretical aspects in greater depth. Over 170 in-depth exercises provide hands-on experience with the theory, while the 36 “Facts” and their accompanying proofs enhance approachability. Instructors will appreciate the appendices that cover all necessary background and the instructors-only solutions manual provided online. By the end of the book, readers will be well equipped to engage with state-of-the-art developments in optimization and its applications in decision-making and engineering.
Unlock the intricacies of Chinese property law with this groundbreaking book, perfect for legal practitioners, scholars, and international investors. This comprehensive guide delves into the complexities of Chinese property law, offering detailed analysis, practical case studies, and insightful global comparisons. Understand the evolution and current landscape of property law in China, and see how theoretical principles are applied in real-world scenarios. Whether you're navigating cross-border property issues, developing legal strategies, or seeking an academic resource, this book is an invaluable tool. Authored by a recognized expert, it combines scholarly rigor with practical expertise, making it an essential addition to your legal library.
Non-sovereign territories today account for more than half the states in the Caribbean but regional and global histories of the twentieth century tend to exclude them from narratives of protest and change. This book argues that our current understanding of global decolonisation is partial. We need a fuller picture which includes both independent and non-independent states, and moves beyond a focus on political independence, instead conceptualising decolonisation as a process of challenging and dismantling colonial structures and legacies. Decolonisation is neither an inevitable nor a linear process, but one which can ebb and flow as the colonial grip is weakened and sometimes restrengthened, often in new forms. Using the Cayman Islands, the British Virgin Islands, Martinique and Guadeloupe as case studies, Grace Carrington demonstrates that a focus on the processes of decolonisation in these non-sovereign states enriches our understanding of the global experience of twentieth century decolonisation.
A graduate-level introduction to advanced topics in Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), as applied broadly in the Bayesian computational context. The topics covered have emerged as recently as the last decade and include stochastic gradient MCMC, non-reversible MCMC, continuous time MCMC, and new techniques for convergence assessment. A particular focus is on cutting-edge methods that are scalable with respect to either the amount of data, or the data dimension, motivated by the emerging high-priority application areas in machine learning and AI. Examples are woven throughout the text to demonstrate how scalable Bayesian learning methods can be implemented. This text could form the basis for a course and is sure to be an invaluable resource for researchers in the field.
For 200 years, the penal equation 'crime plus blame equals punishment' has meant prison crises, a permanent crime problem, violent and damaged lives. The retributive theory of punishment supports this; fully developed, it could transform it. A moral psychology of violation distinguishes primitive and mature retributivism, explaining punishment's necessary failure and guilt, forgiveness and reconciliation's power. 'Atonement' means both punitive 'payback' and being 'at one' again with self and others. Reconciliation for offender, victim and society leads to punishment's deep, tendential abolition. Intellectually innovative and bold, Alan Norrie's mature retributivism is rooted in human ontology, in the metaphysical animal that thinks and loves. Speaking to law, philosophy, criminology and criminal justice, his moral psychology considers victims who victimise, grief at violation, denial and mourning and the loving prison. Exploring ethics, psychoanalysis, social theory, testimony and film, his psychologically developed moral philosophy challenges basic assumptions about punishment and the penal equation.