Medium-sized to sometimes massive and aged evergreen shrubs or trees, some with broad irregularly tapering crowns. Female trees bear single seeds enclosed in an ultimately succulent aril forming fleshy berry-like structures when mature, which are usually bright red.

This chapter examines the figure of Jesus in the letters of Paul, where Jesus is most often called Christ or messiah. The analysis briefly considers the linguistic puzzles around Paul’s use of the word “Christ,” then trace the contours of Paul’s particular account of Jesus as the Christ: his being sent by God, dying for others, effecting the resurrection of the dead, subduing all rival powers, and handing over kingship to God.

Evergreen trees or shrubs, with upright, fern-like foliage sprays of pinnately much branched minor branchlet systems. The mature foliage is bright, deep, glossy green. The female cones are upright and somewhat flask-like, topped with hooked spines.

This chapter discusses the building blocks of the European Union’s strategy for climate neutrality. Carbon pricing in the EU is described, focusing on the EU ETS and on the forthcoming CBAM. Then the roles of electrification and clean molecules in the future European energy system are discussed. Finally, sustainable finance priorities, capacities, and regulatory instruments put forward by the EU are reviewed, before a brief conclusion.

Tall to eventually massive and towering, monoecious evergreen trees, often of highly imposing mature appearance in the wild. The upper branches are upsweeping in an often statuesque and celebratory fashion. They produce shoots which are stout throughout, bearing awl-like structures and Cryptomeria-like foliage through young tree stages, changing to entirely Sequoiadendron-like with age. They have a somewhat billowing tapering crown becoming eventually (many centuries) irregularly gaunt with age, freely shedding elongate female cones of surprisingly miniature size.

The rise of UKIP began in the 1990s under the leadership of Nigel Farage, another admirer of Powell. From the 1990s on, prominent Conservative Party figures spoke against what they regarded as the foreignization of Britain, sometimes overtly sometimes by insinuation. The latter approach was continued in the malevolent poster slogans of the Conservative campaign during the 2005 general election. After the Conservatives gained power, this activity continued in the even more aggressive ‘hostile environment’ campaign. By the time of the 2016 referendum, anti-immigrant sentiment was mobilised in various ways that included hints and allusions, the citing of misleading statistics, emotive metaphor and barefaced reiteration of untruths. The most blatant example was the pro-Leavers’ assertions that Turkey was about to join the EU, contrary to the well-known fact that Turkey’s application was indefinitely stalled because of its human rights record. In Brexit propaganda, the danger of Turkish accession was tacitly racist, and represented in terms of an ‘invasion’ of the British Isles. The workings of these various types of truth-twisting are examined in depth in this chapter.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a type of motor neuron disease that is autosomal recessive and is passed by mutation of the SMN1 (survival motor neuron 1) gene located at chromosome 5q11. Though SMA is divided into four subtypes (SMA 1–4) based on the severity and age of onset of symptoms, symptoms generally consist of subacute weakness and lower motor neuron signs in the absence of sensory or cognitive impairment. Postural tremor is very common, and the vast majority of these individuals have tongue fasciculations.

Tall, medium-sized to sometimes massive, monoecious evergreen trees, with strongly whorled branches and a typically conical, tapering crown. Tree crowns are symmetric, often slender and spire-like, their branch systems short and eventually mostly markedly down-sweeping, with the tips level or upcurving. Crowns bear with age elongate female cones hanging pendulously from near the uppermost branch tips. Unlike Abies, leaves of Picea fall eventually from their shoots (abundantly so if dried), leaving peg-like pulvini covering the shoots.

It is, by now, beyond dispute that climate change presents the single greatest environmental challenge of our times. It is equally likely that this challenge will only be met by sustained and iterative cycles of global policy formation, administrative rule-making, regulatory action, and impact assessment. The second and third of these steps, broadly speaking, constitute the process of policy implementation. While the scholarly study of policy implementation is not new, it has yet to receive serious attention in the area of climate change regulation. The reasons for this are relatively simple.

First, the policy formation stage is still ongoing. As the recent meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Dubai vividly demonstrates, major outstanding disagreements on the basic structure of global climate policy remain.1

Small, medium-sized to sometimes large, monoecious evergreen trees, often with characteristically distinctively coloured or patterned bark, at first typically with a conical, tapering crown, but eventually widely open-crowned trees. Some become multi-trunked, and often eventually forming handsome tall-growing trees with foliage mainly in radially structured, clustered, bushy, open-billowing masses, and hence not arrayed into flattened sprays as in most Cupressus.

Charcot–Marie Tooth (CMT) is the most common type of hereditary peripheral neuropathy known as hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN). These individuals typically experience a gradual distal lower extremity weakness and sensory loss over years, which results in symmetric distal lower extremity atrophy, foot drop, hammertoes, and pes cavus foot deformities. Distal upper extremity weakness and numbness will often occur as the lower extremity symptoms progress up the knees.

Dioecious, thin, slender and small evergreen trees, usually under 20 m, and 40 cm dbh. Bark is brown. Major branch and branchlet axes have indefinite and scarcely rhythmic growth; ultimate minor axes have definite and strongly rhythmic seasonal growth. Major branches are slender, flexible, spreading horizontally.

This chapter aims to inform reflection on business self-regulation (or corporate social responsibility, CSR) in addressing climate change by drawing on developments in ‘business and human rights’ and the experience accumulated in the European Union (EU). Despite dissimilarities in addressing the environmental and human right impacts of business operations, there are commonalities around incentives, impacts and regulatory dynamics of CSR that help clarify its expected place in global governance. This analysis revisits long-standing claims about CSR in light of current legal and market evolutions. The main finding is that the notion of CSR has been fundamentally transformed in the last 20 years. What is the change, what are the drivers enabling such change, and what are the expected impacts on corporate compliance and sustainability performance? The analysis contributes to the regulatory governance area, including regarding climate change, and promotes cross-fertilisation among the social and environmental areas in CSR.

Small to medium-sized, evergreen trees, of generally willow-like appearance, the female ‘fruits’ of which have deep purple–red arils. In the field, easily confused with Podocarpus species, of overall extremely similar form, which often grow nearby. The Austrotaxus is distinguished by close examination of the upper leaf surfaces for its characteristic sunken, rather than raised, dorsal leaf midrib. These differences are also apparent in any seedling material arising nearby.

Characterized by lingual, facial, and oromandibular spasms, Meige syndrome, named after French neurologist Henri Meige who first described it in 1910, disproportionately affects women and with an onset typically in their 50s. Oromandibular spasms along with blepharospasm are prominent as these patients most commonly experience forced jaw opening or closure, protrusion of the tongue, lip retraction or pursing, and platysma spasm, though can also have bruxism and/or jaw deviation. Much more rarely, these patients can develop torticollis as well as limbs and truncal dystonias that can produce tremor. Though the majority of cases are idiopathic, ~25% have been found to be linked to the use of long-term neuroleptic medications. Ongoing research is looking into potential associations with genetic mutations and other movement disorders.