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3354982 results

Page 262 of 167750

Pragmatism and Historical Representation

Pragmatism and Historical Representation
  • Serge Grigoriev
  • Published online:
    06 February 2025
    Print publication:
    06 February 2025
  • No prominent pragmatist philosopher to date has offered us a fully developed theory of history or historical interpretation. Nevertheless, a number of pivotal arguments and suggestions made by the pragmatists appeared to many both insightful and pertinent enough to offer a distinctive promise of a cohesive and distinctive general pragmatist perspective in historical theory. The present contribution is intended to secure some advances in this direction, focusing on the relationships between objectivity and perspective; between representation as an accurate correspondence to reality and the social, cultural sense of representation as being represented and being representative; as well as the relationship between individualizing comprehension and generalizing abstraction in historical contexts.

American Grasslands
  • Reckoning with the Law and Policy that Shaped Agriculture in the West
  • Hillary M. Hoffmann
  • Published online:
    06 February 2025
    Print publication:
    13 February 2025
  • American Grasslands provides a comprehensive review of select laws and policies that have shaped modern western agriculture. Through compelling stories of both famous and lesser-known ranches, the book explores the trajectory of law and policy that has consolidated power in western ranchers and agricultural enterprises. Drawing lessons from historical events such as the Dust Bowl and the current climate and extinction crises, the book illustrates the harmful externalities of agricultural activity and the need for meaningful reform. The book also addresses recent national calls for social and racial justice in the context of western agriculture and public resources like water, land, and wildlife. After highlighting the problems created by current laws and policies, the book offers practical recommendations for future legal and policy reform. American Grasslands is a must-read for anyone interested in the history and future of western agriculture and the role of law and policy in shaping it.

Young People with Cognitive Disability in Transition to Adulthood
  • Stories of Survival and Aspiration in the Face of Adversity
  • Kathy Ellem, Paul Harpur, Fotina Hardy, Michael Ashley Stein, Ann Fudge Schormans
  • Published online:
    06 February 2025
    Print publication:
    13 February 2025
  • This book presents the lived experiences of young people with cognitive disability and their struggles as they transition to adulthood. Whether you are a young person yourself looking to transition to adulthood, a parent, or a professional supporting a young person, this book will help you understand the systemic failures which have caused abuse, exploitation, neglect and violence. But it will also outline the inner and outer resources which have enabled young people to maintain their self-belief and overcome adversity. Despite the fact society is failing these young people, the young people in this book speak of belief and have hope for the future. Drawing upon the United Nations human rights framework, this book provides a narrative for empowerment and reform. It involves the input of co-researchers with disability and includes Easy English summaries in each chapter to ensure its accessibility to young people with cognitive disability.
Monotheism and Peacebuilding

Monotheism and Peacebuilding
  • John D Brewer
  • Published online:
    06 February 2025
    Print publication:
    06 February 2025
  • This Element addresses the opportunities and constraints operating on monotheistic peacebuilding, focusing on the three Abrahamic faiths, Christianity, Judaism, and Islam, which share a common origin. These opportunities and constraints are approached through what the volume calls 'the paradox of monotheism'. Monotheism is defined by belief in one omnipotent, benign, and loving God, but this God does not or cannot prevent violence, war, and conflict. Moreover, monotheism can actually promote conflict between the Abrahamic faiths, and with other world religions, giving us the puzzle of holy wars fought in God's name. The first section of the Element outlines the paradox of monotheism and its implications for monotheistic peacebuilding; the second section addresses the peacebuilding efforts of three Abrahamic monotheistic religions and the constraints that operate as a result of the paradox of monotheism. This paradox tends to limit monotheistic peacebuilding to inter-faith dialogue, which often does not go far enough.

Politics and Knowledge Shaping Educational Reform
  • Case Studies from Around the Globe
  • Edited by Colleen McLaughlin, Alan Ruby
  • Published online:
    06 February 2025
    Print publication:
    13 February 2025
  • Have you ever wondered why education is always being reformed? This book provides ten case studies from all corners of the globe that illustrate how politics and data clash as education policies are developed, enacted, and assessed. A follow-up to the authors' previous book, Implementing Educational Reform, it highlights trends such as politicisation, showing where successful policies have been dropped, and where failed policies persist for ideological ends. Drawing on examples from South Africa, Ghana, Rwanda, Peru, Portugal, post-Soviet states and the UK, it shows how education policy can be disruptive and abrupt, or consensual and gradual. It challenges the managerial model of education reform that has dominated the last thirty years of education reform thinking, ultimately deepening our understanding of the importance of practical knowledge in designing and implementing policies. It is essential reading for practitioners, policy makers, and researchers of education research, education policy, and international education reform.

Sub-Patent Innovation Rights
  • Utility Models, Petty Patents and Innovation Patents Around the World
  • Edited by Jorge L. Contreras
  • Published online:
    06 February 2025
    Print publication:
    13 February 2025
  • This ground-breaking work delves into the world of sub-patent intellectual property rights, exploring utility model and similar protection offered by over 100 countries worldwide. Drawing on the expertise of leading scholars from around the globe, this volume provides a comprehensive analysis of sub-patent protection systems, comparing and contrasting statutory frameworks, registration requirements, corporate strategies and litigation tactics. The book also highlights current policy debates surrounding these systems, including their potential to promote local innovation and economic development, proposals for cross-border harmonization, and their interaction with increasingly integrated litigation systems. This book is an invaluable resource for scholars, attorneys, historians, economists, and anyone dealing with complex international intellectual property matters. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

We Choose You
  • How Black Voters Decide Which Candidates to Support
  • Julian J. Wamble
  • Published online:
    06 February 2025
    Print publication:
    13 February 2025
  • In We Choose You, Julian J. Wamble investigates the sophisticated process of Black voter candidate selection. Contrary to the common assumption that Black voters will support Black politicians, Wamble explores what considerations, outside of race, partisanship, and gender, Black voters use to choose certain representatives over others. The book complicates our view of candidate selection, expands our understanding of identity's role in the representative-constituent paradigm, and provides a framework through which scholars can determine a candidates preferability for other identity groups. Wamble uses original experimental tests on Black respondents to prove that Black voters prefer a politician, regardless of race, who shows a commitment to prioritizing the racial group's interest through personal sacrifice. Novel and timely, this book makes an important contribution to our understanding of Black political behavior and will only gain salience as the significance of the Black vote increases in upcoming elections.
Low-Cost Fashion

Low-Cost Fashion
  • The Political Economy of Garment Production and Distribution in Latin America
  • Matías Dewey, André Vereta Nahoum
  • Published online:
    06 February 2025
    Print publication:
    13 February 2025
  • This Element analyses a fundamentally new regional configuration of the garment sector, covering much of South America. Based on ethnographic fieldwork and in-depth interviews with a wide range of actors, it examines two major circuits of informal production and distribution of affordable garments, both of which have emerged around the urban marketplaces of La Salada (Buenos Aires) and Feira da Madrugada (São Paulo). This Element examines a configuration characterized by (1) manufacturers who interact with customer preferences to produce low-cost fashion, (2) marketplaces that function as large garment distribution hubs, and (3) extensive distribution routes with regional reach. This Element discusses the role of creativity in informal production processes, reflects on the implications of both cases for our understanding of global value chains and informality, and provides empirical evidence on forbearance as an explanatory element for the emergence of this phenomenon.

The Water Diaries
  • Living with the Global Water Crisis in Bangladesh and Kenya
  • Sonia Hoque, Rob Hope
  • Published online:
    06 February 2025
    Print publication:
    13 February 2025
  • Cyclones, flash floods, droughts, and pollution batter the aspirations of people living at the sharp end of water insecurity. By charting the daily water use behaviour of people in Kenya and Bangladesh for a year, this book explores the intersecting drivers of global water risks and the spatial and seasonal inequalities. Comprising a clear methodological chapter and four detailed case studies of both urban and rural areas, it critically reviews existing policy and institutional design, arguing for a new architecture in allocating risks and responsibilities fairly and effectively between government, communities, enterprises, and water users. In identifying the risks and potential responses for policy and investment action, it provides theoretical insights and a practical guide to developing more effective policy in Kenya and Bangladesh, with solutions that will be applicable in other regions facing similar challenges. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

New Sudans
  • Wartime Intellectual Histories in Khartoum
  • Nicki Kindersley
  • Published online:
    06 February 2025
    Print publication:
    13 February 2025
  • Over a million southern Sudanese people fled to Sudan's capital Khartoum during the wars and famines of the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. This book is an intellectual history of these war-displaced working people's political organising and critical theory during a long conflict. It explores how these men and women thought through their circumstances, tried to build potential political communities, and imagined possible futures. Based on ten years of research in South Sudan, using personal stories, private archives, songs, poetry, photograph albums, self-written histories, jokes and new handmade textbooks, New Sudans follows its idealists' and pragmatists' variously radical, conservative, and creative projects across two decades on the peripheries of a hostile city. Through everyday theories of Blackness, freedom and education in a long civil war, Nicki Kindersley opens up new possibilities in postcolonial intellectual histories of the working class in Africa.
State-Owned Enterprises as Institutional Actors in Contemporary Capitalism and Beyond

State-Owned Enterprises as Institutional Actors in Contemporary Capitalism and Beyond
  • Olivier Butzbach, Douglas B. Fuller, Gerhard Schnyder, Luda Svystunova
  • Published online:
    06 February 2025
    Print publication:
    06 February 2025
  • This Element qualifies the common understanding of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) as mere instruments of the state and instead conceive of them as economic actors in their own right. Specifically, SOE top management teams have leeway to diverge from goals that the state they are owned by pursues. Through 'institutional work' they can even actively shape the institutional framework in which they are embedded. However, the extent of SOE top management teams' leeway for agency is determined by macro- (country), meso- (State–SOE governance system), and industry-level factors. These factors, in turn, vary from country to country and over time. In other words, SOE agency is 'embedded agency.' Combining institutional work and historical institutionalism analytic lenses, this Element presents a multilevel model to understand embedded agency of top management teams of SOEs in contemporary capitalism. The model adds an important element to our understanding of the 'new state capitalism.'

Exhibitionist Japan
  • The Spectacle of Modern Development
  • Angus Lockyer
  • Published online:
    06 February 2025
    Print publication:
    13 February 2025
  • From the second half of the nineteenth century, Japan has been a particularly enthusiastic user of exhibitions. Large-scale international exhibitions, including Osaka 2025, form only the tip of an iceberg comprising over 1,300 industrial, regional, and local exhibitions held in Japan over the past 150 years. In this unique history, Angus Lockyer explores how and why these events have been used as catalysts of development and arenas for fostering modern industry, empire, and nation. He traces their complicated genesis, realization, and reception, demonstrating that although they rarely achieve their stated aims, this does not undermine their utility – Japanese expos have provided a model subsequently adopted around the world. The history of this enthusiasm provides a more nuanced understanding of development in modern Japan, and emphasizes the shared experiences of global modernity.

An Introduction to Continuum Physics
  • Steven R. Pride
  • Published online:
    06 February 2025
    Print publication:
    13 February 2025
  • Adopting a unified mathematical framework, this textbook gives a comprehensive derivation of the rules of continuum physics, describing how the macroscopic response of matter emerges from the underlying discrete molecular dynamics. Covered topics include elasticity and elastodynamics, electromagnetics, fluid dynamics, diffusive transport in fluids, capillary physics and thermodynamics. By also presenting mathematical methods for solving boundary-value problems across this breadth of topics, readers develop understanding and intuition that can be applied to many important real-world problems within the physical sciences and engineering. A wide range of guided exercises are included, with accompanying answers, allowing readers to develop confidence in using the tools they have learned. This book requires an understanding of linear algebra and vector calculus and will be a valuable resource for undergraduate and graduate students in physics, chemistry, engineering and geoscience.

A ‘Constitution for the Oceans'
  • The Long Hard Road to the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
  • Kirsten Sellars
  • Published online:
    06 February 2025
    Print publication:
    13 February 2025
  • The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, signed in 1982, was the culmination of half a century of legal endeavour. Earlier attempts to create a treaty regime governing the ocean — at League of Nations and United Nations conferences in 1930, 1958 and 1960 — had all failed to settle the breadth of the territorial sea, and in two cases failed to settle anything at all. During the negotiations, legal concepts were formulated and reformulated: straight baselines inspired archipelagic baselines; fishing conservation zones became exclusive economic zones; innocent passage through straits metamorphosed into transit passage through straits; and the seabed common heritage was replaced by the parallel system of seabed exploitation. Many of the issues that animated the delegates during the negotiations — ocean pollution, over-fishing, naval mobility, continental shelf claims and the impact of seabed mining — continue to exercise policymakers and lawyers to this day.
Transnational Korean Englishes

Transnational Korean Englishes
  • Sofia Rüdiger, Alex Baratta
  • Published online:
    06 February 2025
    Print publication:
    06 February 2025
  • Transnational Korean Englishes presents the many faces of English in South Korea (henceforth also Korea) – from Korean English forms and functions to English loanwords in Korean, and from the influences of Korean on the English language to Korean cultural exports. Drawing on specialized and purpose-built spoken and written corpora and other empirical data as well as previous studies, the Element illuminates the Korean-English language contact setting from a range of perspectives, shining light on various transnational Korean English phenomena. Guided by questions of legitimization and codification, this Element shows Koreans as productive and creative users of localized English forms, with hallyu (the Korean Wave) promoting not only Korean pop cultural products around the world but also contributing to influences of Korean on English worldwide.
Shocks and Politics

Shocks and Politics
  • Understanding Disaster Preparedness
  • Jennifer Bussell
  • Published online:
    06 February 2025
    Print publication:
    06 February 2025
  • When will government elites prepare for natural hazards? Existing research posits that governments will respond to disasters, but rarely have incentives to prepare for them. This Element argues that disaster preparedness can, and does, occur in the context of both motivated ruling elites and a capable state. Ruling elites can be mobilized to lead preparedness efforts when there is a risk that past exposure to hazards will lead to political instability in the face of a future hazard. Where elites anticipate a threat to their rule in the face of a future hazard, due to substantial past exposure and significant opposition strength, they will be motivated to engage in disaster preparedness. The quality and character of these efforts subsequently depend on the government's capacity to coordinate the design and implementation of preparedness plans. The Element tests this argument using a medium-N, country case study approach, drawing on evidence from ten countries in Africa and three in South Asia, as well as subnational analysis in India.

An Economic History of India
  • Growth, Income and Inequalities from the Mughals to the 21st Century
  • Bishnupriya Gupta
  • Published online:
    06 February 2025
    Print publication:
    13 February 2025
  • This book offers a major new economic history of India from the reign of Akbar in the sixteenth century to India's post-independence integration into the global economy. Using concepts and theories from economics and economic history alongside extensive new data, Bishnupriya Gupta builds a new framework for understanding the economic impacts and legacies of British rule. She charts India's transition from precolonial economy to colonial rule and evaluates its economic performance from a comparative perspective, particularly in the context of the Great Divergence between Europe and Asia. Finally, she examines India's post-independence economy and the evolution of social and economic inequality through to the turn of the twenty-first century. By taking a long view, the book sheds new light on the persistent effects of historical institutions as well as the impacts of policy-driven changes. It will be essential reading for anyone seeking to understand the long-run evolution of the Indian economy.
The Problem of God in Thomas Reid

The Problem of God in Thomas Reid
  • James Foster
  • Published online:
    06 February 2025
    Print publication:
    06 February 2025
  • Thomas Reid was a theist and a philosopher; yet the exact relationship between philosophy and theology in his works is unclear and disputed. The aim of this book is to clarify this relationship along three lines by exploring the status, function, and detachability of theism with respect to Reid's philosophy. Regarding the first I argue that belief in the existence of God is, for Reid, a non-inferential first principle. Regarding the second I argue that theism plays at least six different roles in Reid's philosophy. And, regarding the third, I argue that, despite this, theism is largely detachable from Reid's concept of human rationality and philosophy. What emerges is a picture of the relationship between philosophy and theology in which both inquiries are motivated by natural human curiosity, and both are founded on principles of common sense.
Dialectology and the Linguistic Atlas Project

Dialectology and the Linguistic Atlas Project
  • Allison Burkette
  • Published online:
    06 February 2025
    Print publication:
    06 February 2025
  • People from different places use different words for things, even everyday things such as carbonated beverages (e.g. soda, coke, pop) or bread roll-based sandwiches (e.g. hoagie, grinder, sub). Regional variation in vocabulary is one of the foci of dialectology, a subfield of linguistics that examines the geographic distribution of specific words, along with distributions of different pronunciations and grammatical constructions. This Element will provide readers with a basic understanding of traditional dialectological study and will demonstrate through examples (audio, text, maps) how Linguistic Atlas Project research has changed and expanded over time. Readers will be introduced to the key concepts of dialectology with a focus on the North American Linguistic Atlas Project (LAP) and its materials. This Element will also discuss today's LAP with reference to third-wave sociolinguistics, outlining the ways in which the LAP has changed over time to meet the needs and goals of contemporary sociolinguistic study.
Retrospective and Prospective for Scientific Provenance Studies in Archaeology

Retrospective and Prospective for Scientific Provenance Studies in Archaeology
  • A. M. Pollard
  • Published online:
    06 February 2025
    Print publication:
    06 February 2025
  • Provenance has been one of the major scientific applications in archaeology for a hundred years. The 'Golden Age' began in the 1950s, when large programmes were initiated focussing on bronzes, ceramics, and lithics. However, these had varying impact, ranging from wide acceptance to outright rejection. This Element reviews some of these programmes, mainly in Eurasia and North America, focussing on how the complexity of the material, and the effects of human behaviour, can impact on such studies. The conclusion is that provenance studies of lithic materials and obsidian are likely to be reliable, but those on ceramics and metals are increasingly complicated, especially in the light of mixing and recycling. An alternative is suggested, which focusses more on using scientific studies to understand the relationship between human selectivity and processing and the wider resources available, rather than on the simple question of 'where does this object come from'.

Page 262 of 167750