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We establish a one-to-one correspondence between, on the one hand, Finsler structures on the
$2$
-sphere with constant curvature
$1$
and all geodesics closed, and on the other hand, Weyl connections on certain spindle orbifolds whose symmetric Ricci curvature is positive definite and whose geodesics are all closed. As an application of our duality result, we show that suitable holomorphic deformations of the Veronese embedding
$\mathbb {CP}(a_1,a_2)\rightarrow \mathbb {CP}(a_1,(a_1+a_2)/2,a_2)$
of weighted projective spaces provide examples of Finsler
$2$
-spheres of constant curvature whose geodesics are all closed.
I construct infinitely many nondiffeomorphic examples of
$5$
-dimensional contact manifolds which are tight, admit no strong fillings and do not have Giroux torsion. I obtain obstruction results for symplectic cobordisms, for which I give a proof not relying on the polyfold abstract perturbation scheme for Symplectic Field Theory (SFT). These results are part of my PhD thesis [23], and are the first applications of higher-dimensional Siefring intersection theory for holomorphic curves and hypersurfaces, as outlined in [23, 24], as a prequel to [30].
The first lecture introduces the study of closed symplectic manifolds via closed pseudoholomorphic curves, focusing in particular on McDuff’s famous theorem from 1990 that characterizes symplectic ruled surfaces via symplectically embedded spheres. The theorem is stated in a slightly more modern formulation using Lefschetz fibrations, and a proof modulo of some technical lemmas is sketched. The topic of intersection theory is then introduced by considering the natural question of what kinds of holomorphic curves can be proven to form leaves of smooth foliations by holomorphic curves.
The introduction motivates the remainder of the book via two specific examples of theorems from the early days of symplectic topology in which intersection theory plays a prominent role. We sketch closely analogous proofs of both theorems, emphasizing the way that intersection theory is used, but point out why the second theorem (on symplectic 4-manifolds that are standard near infinity) requires a nonobvious extension of homological intersection theory to punctured holomorphic curves. We then discuss informally some of the properties this theory will need to have and what kinds of subtle issues may arise.
Intersection theory has played a prominent role in the study of closed symplectic 4-manifolds since Gromov's famous 1985 paper on pseudoholomorphic curves, leading to myriad beautiful rigidity results that are either inaccessible or not true in higher dimensions. Siefring's recent extension of the theory to punctured holomorphic curves allowed similarly important results for contact 3-manifolds and their symplectic fillings. Based on a series of lectures for graduate students in topology, this book begins with an overview of the closed case, and then proceeds to explain the essentials of Siefring's intersection theory and how to use it, and gives some sample applications in low-dimensional symplectic and contact topology. The appendices provide valuable information for researchers, including a concise reference guide on Siefring's theory and a self-contained proof of a weak version of the Micallef–White theorem.
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